4.1 - Acids, bases, and neutralisation Flashcards
What is an acid?
A species that releases H⁺ ions in aqueous solution
Give four examples of acids
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Nitric acid
- Ethanoic acid
What are the formulas of the acids?
- HCL
- H₂SO₄
- HNO₃
- CH₃COOH
What is a strong acid?
An acid that completely dissociates in solution
- HCL, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
What is a weak acid?
An acid that partially dissociates in solution
-CH₃COOH
Write an equation for the dissociation of HCL in water
HCL(aq) -> H⁺(aq) + CL⁻(aq)
Write an equation for the dissociation of CH₃COOH in water
CH₃COOH(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + H₃COO⁻(aq)
What is a base?
A compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt
What are the three types of bases?
- Metal oxides
- Metal hydroxides(alkalis)
- Metal carbonates
Give three examples of metal oxide bases
- MgO
- CaO
- CuO
Give three examples of metal carbonate bases
- Na₂CO₃
- CaCO₃
- CuCO₃
Give three examples of metal hydroxide/alkali bases
- NaOH
- KOH
- NH₃
What is neutralisation?
A reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt
What are the products of a neutralisation reaction between metal (hydr)oxides and acids?
Salt and water
What are the products of a neutralisation reaction between metal carbonates and acids?
Salt, water, and carbon dioxide
What happens when forming a salt?
The metal ion replaces the hydrogen ion in the acid
Write a balanced equation for the neutralisation of copper oxide and sulfuric acid, with state symbols
CuO(s) + H₂SO₄ -> CuSO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
Write a balanced equation for the neutralisation of magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, with state symbols
Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2HCL(aq) -> MgCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
Write a balanced equation for the neutralisation of sodium carbonate and nitric acid, with state symbols
Na₂CO₃(s) + 2HNO₃(aq) -> 2NaNO₃(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
What are alkalis?
Bases that dissolve in water to release OH⁻(aq) ions
Are all group 1 metal hydroxides alkalis?
Yes as they are all soluble in water and can from alkalis
What alkali is formed when ammonia reacts with water?
Ammonium hydroxide
NH₃(g) + H₂O(l) -> NH₄OH(aq)
What are the overall reactions
acid + alkali/base -> salt + water
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Write the equation of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
NaOH(aq) + HCL(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
