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Anatomy 100 Concepts > 41-61 > Flashcards

41-61 Flashcards

1
Q

If there is Mesenteric ischemia due to arteriosclerosis of the IMA, what artery will supply the structures of the IMA?

A

marginal artery

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2
Q

Into what part of the duodenum does the hepatopancreatic ampulla go into?

A

second part

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3
Q

Where do gallstones lodge?

A

• at the hepatopancreatic ampulla - causes jaundice• cystic duct

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4
Q

What organ is enlarged if there is enlargement of the portal-systemic connections?

A

spleen

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5
Q

what are the branches of splenic artery?

A

left gastroepiploicshort gastric - to fundus of stomach

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6
Q

What is porta hypertension?

A

obstruction of flow in the portal system and blood can flow in retrograde (no valves)

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7
Q

What are the sites of anastomoses for portocaval system? What are the complications that can occur in each?

A

esophageal veins - esophageal varicesthoracopigastric veins - caput medusaerectal veins - internal hemorrhoids

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8
Q

If a gallstone erodes through the posterior wall of the gallbladder or fundus of the gallbladder, where will the stone go into?

A

transverse colon

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9
Q

if a gallstone lodges into the body of the gallbladder it ulcerates through the posterior wall of the body where does it go?

A

duodenum

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10
Q

What nerve gives sensation to the liver?

A

vagus

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11
Q

What gives sympathetic fibers to the liver?

A

greater splanchnic through sympathetic trunk

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12
Q

In portocaval anastomosis, what two veins form the rectal anastomosis? Where do they drain? What happens if there is portal hypertension?

A

superior rectal vein and inferior rectal vein, they drain into the internal iliac vein. If there is portal hypertension internal hemorrhoids occur

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13
Q

In portocaval anastomosis, what two veins join to form the esophageal anastomosis? What happens if there is portal hypertension?

A

the left gastric and the azygous vein join. In portal hypertnsion, esophageal varices form and bleeding may occur.

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14
Q

In portocaval anastomosis, what two veins join to from the umbilical anastomosis? What happens here in portal hypertension?

A

the paraumbilical vein and superior and inferior epigastric veins join. In portal hypertension you have caput medussae around the umbilicus

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15
Q

If a patient presents with cancer of the head of the pancreas, what structure can get obstructed/compressed? What will this result in?

A

bile duct therefore jaundice occurs

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16
Q

What part of the pancreas is anterior to where the portal vein forms?

A

the neck

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17
Q

What veins join to form the portal vein?

A

the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein

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18
Q

What causes Annular pancreas?

A

during development there is malformation of the pancreas where the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds from a ring around the duodenum causing obstruction of the duodenum and polyhydramnios

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19
Q

Over what muscles do the ureters descend and lie on in the pelvis?

A

Psoas muscles

20
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament connect? what 2 arteries does it contain?

A

connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the spleen• short gastric • left gastroepiploic

21
Q

what structure is anterior to the right kidney?

A

2nd part of the duodenumright colic flexure

22
Q

What is nephrolithiasis?

A

are renal stones or calcifications in the kidney. Stones cause obstruction of the urether.

23
Q

What is Staghorn calculi?

A

are renal stones that develop in the pelvicaliceal system and has branching configuration which resembles antlers of a stag

24
Q

where does the left pampiniform plexus enter?

A

the left renal vein

25
Q

where does the right pampiniform plexus enter?

A

enters directly to the inferior vena cava

26
Q

what structure does the left renal vein cross to connect with inferior vena cava?

A

the aorta

27
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

enlarging of the pampiniform plexus and spermatic cord• there is a worm like scrotal mass

28
Q

What vein can be obstructed if there is varicocele?

A

testicular vein

29
Q

Where does the rectum above the pectinate line drain to?

A

superior rectal vein into the portal vein

30
Q

where does the rectum under the pectinate line drain to?

A

inferior rectal vein into the inferior vena cava

31
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

ischiocavernosusbulbospngiosus superficial transverse perineal

32
Q

what are external hemorrhoids?

A

are dilated tributaries of the inferior rectal veins below the pectinate line and are painful

33
Q

what are internal hemorrhoids?

A

dilated tributaries of the superior rectal veins above the pectinate line and are not painful

34
Q

Where does the ureter cross?

A

crosses the pelvic brim near bifurcation of common iliac.

35
Q

What crosses superiorly to the ureter in males?

A

vas deferens near bladder

36
Q

What crosses superiorly and anteriorly to the ureter in females?

A

uterine artery in base of broad ligament

37
Q

Why could the ureter be damaged in a hysterectomy ?

A

due to being behind and inferior to uterine artery

38
Q

If the spongy urethra is cut and urine leaks, where does it go?

A

to the superficial perineal pouch

39
Q

What is Cystocele?

A

is a hernia in the bladder of women causing loss of bladder support

40
Q

how does micturition reflex occur?

A

• parasympathetic fibers stimulate the detrusor muscle - allows contraction and involuntary relaxation of internal sphincter• somatic fibers cause voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter

41
Q

What inhibits emptying of the bladder through the micturition reflex?

A

sacral splanchnics stimulate internal sphincter

42
Q

to remove urine from the bladder without penetrating the peritoneum by inserting a needle through?

A

above the pubic symphysis

43
Q

When there is hypertrophy of the prostate, the usual lobe affected is the?

A

middle lobe

44
Q

What are the characteristics of the membranous portion of the urethra?

A

• passes through the urogenital diaphragm to enter the bulb of the penis• is the shortest• is the narrowest• least dilatable• is surrounded by the external sphincter urethra• the bulbourethral glands lie posterolateral

45
Q

What are the characteristics of the spongy part of the urethra?

A

• passes through the bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis• opens at external urethral orifice • two dilatations: bulbar fossa, navicular fossa

46
Q

What are the characteristics of the prostatic male urethra?

A

• widest and most dilatable• its posterior wall has opening of the 2 ejaculatory ducts• ducts of the prostate gland open into male urethra

Anatomy 100 Concepts (4 decks)

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