41-59 Flashcards
- Ministry of Labour and the Labour Code
Definition:
The Ministry of Labour was responsible for overseeing the implementation of labor laws in Brazil, including the Labour Code, which established workers’ rights such as minimum wage, unionization, and working conditions.
Significance:
The Labour Code, introduced in 1943, was a key part of Vargas’s social policies, strengthening workers’ rights and contributing to the development of Brazil’s welfare state.
- Aliança Nacional Libertadora
Definition:
A left-wing political movement in Brazil formed in 1935 with the aim of opposing Vargas’s government, advocating for a more radical social revolution.
Significance:
It was an important moment in Brazilian history, as its failed insurrection led to the beginning of more authoritarian measures under Vargas.
- Intergraslismo
Definition:
A Brazilian fascist movement that emerged in the 1930s, led by Plínio Salgado, advocating for a nationalist, authoritarian state.
Significance:
Integralismo represented a significant far-right political force in Brazil during the 1930s, opposing both communism and liberalism, and influencing the political landscape of the time.
- Green shirts
Definition:
The paramilitary group associated with the Integralista movement, known for their green uniforms.
Significance:
The Green Shirts
symbolized the rise of fascist ideologies in Brazil during the 1930s, challenging the government and other political forces, though they were ultimately suppressed by Vargas.
- NAACP
Definition:
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an American civil rights organization founded in 1909.
Significance:
The NAACP played a central role in fighting racial segregation and discrimination, contributing significantly to the civil rights movement in the United States.
- Great Migration
Definition:
The movement of African Americans from the rural Southern United States to urban areas in the North and West between 1916 and 1970.
Significance:
It transformed American cities, especially in terms of demographic composition, and was a key factor in the development of the Harlem Renaissance and the broader African American cultural and political movements.
- Barrios
Definition:
Spanish term for neighborhoods, especially in Latin American countries.
Significance:
Barrios are often associated with lower-income, working-class neighborhoods that have historically faced social and economic challenges but also serve as vital cultural and social hubs.
- Federal Project Number One
Definition:
A New Deal program launched by the U.S. government during the Great Depression, designed to provide employment for artists, musicians, writers, and actors.
Significance:
It played a key role in supporting American culture and the arts during a time of economic hardship, with projects like the Federal Writers’ Project documenting American history.
- Public Works of Art Project
Definition:
A New Deal initiative that provided employment for artists by commissioning murals, sculptures, and other public art projects across the U.S.
Significance:
This project helped integrate art into public spaces, made art accessible to a broader population, and provided economic support for artists during the Depression.
- Federal Writer’s Project
Definition:
A program under the New Deal that employed writers to create works documenting American history, folklore, and culture.
Significance:
It produced a vast collection of works, such as state guides and oral histories, which remain valuable resources for understanding American history and culture.
- John Steinbeck
Definition:
An American author known for works like The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, which explore social issues such as poverty and injustice.
Significance:
Steinbeck’s works highlighted the struggles of ordinary people, particularly during the Great Depression, and he became a voice for the disenfranchised in American society.
- São Paulo Institute for
Permanent Defense of
Coffee
Definition:
Established in 1933, this was an organization aimed at promoting and defending the economic interests of the coffee industry in São Paulo, which was the main coffee-producing region in Brazil.
Significance:
It played a crucial role in stabilizing coffee prices and ensuring
Brazil’s coffee economy remained strong during the Great Depression.
- Valorization
Definition:
A system adopted by Brazil in the early 20th century, particularly in relation to coffee, which involved the government buying surplus coffee crops to reduce supply and thereby increase prices.
Significance:
Valorization helped stabilize coffee prices and supported Brazil’s economy, but it also led to inefficiencies and financial strain on the government.
- Getulio Vargas
Definition:
President of Brazil who ruled from 1930 to 1945 and again from 1951 to
1954. He is often called the “Father of the Poor” for his populist policies.
Significance:
Vargas is recognized for implementing significant social and economic reforms, including labor laws, industrialization policies, and the creation of the “Estado Novo” (New State), a period of authoritarian rule.
- Junta
Definition:
A type of governmental body, often temporary, that acts as a collective executive or decision-making authority.
Significance:
In Brazil, after the 1930 revolution, a military junta took control and eventually led to the establishment of Getúlio Vargas’s presidency.
- Import Substitution Industrialization
Definition:
An economic policy aimed at reducing dependency on foreign imports by encouraging the development of domestic industries.
Significance:
This strategy, particularly in Latin America, helped stimulate local industrial growth but often led to inefficiencies and protectionist economies.
- National Department of Coffee
Definition:
A government agency in Brazil that was responsible for regulating and controlling coffee production, including managing its export and marketing
Significance:
It was essential for maintaining Brazil’s dominance in the global coffee market, particularly through policies like valorization and coffee price stabilization.
- National Steel Commission (Brazil)
Definition:
Established in the 1940s under Vargas’s government, this commission focused on developing Brazil’s steel industry.
Significance:
The commission was part of the broader industrialization effort and contributed to Brazil’s shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy.
- Ministry of Labour (Brazil)
Definition:
A government body responsible for managing labor relations, employment, and worker rights in Brazil.
Significance:
It played a crucial role in implementing labor laws, including the consolidation of labor rights during Vargas’s government, which led to the creation of labor codes and social welfare programs.
