1-20 Hodder Flashcards
- Good Neighbor Policy
• Definition: A U.S. foreign policy, initiated by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s, aimed at improving relations with Latin America through nonintervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin American countries.
• Significance: It helped reduce tensions in the Americas and promoted cooperation, fostering a sense of solidarity, especially during the rise of fascism and WWIl.
- Reciprocal Trade Agreement
• Definition: A trade agreement in which countries agree to reduce tariffs on each other’s goods in exchange for similar concessions.
• Significance: It helped stimulate international trade and was an important part of the U.S.’s shift towards more global economic integration in the 1930s.
Spanish Civil War
• Definition: A conflict (1936-1939) between the Republicans (left-wing, including communists and anarchists) and Nationalists (right-wing, led by Francisco Franco).
• Significance: The war became a proxy conflict for international powers and foreshadowed the ideological struggles that would play out in World War II. Franco’s victory led to a fascist dictatorship in Spain.
- Declaration of American Principles
• Definition: A statement by the U.S. government, affirming its commitment to democracy, self-determination, and peaceful relations with Latin America.
• Significance: It reinforced the U.S!’s desire to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere while distancing itself from imperialistic practices.
- Nationalization
• Definition: The process where a government takes control of privately-owned industries or assets.
• Significance: Nationalization was often used by governments to control key resources or industries, and it marked a shift towards state control in various parts of the world, especially in Latin America.
- Nye Committee
• Definition: A U.S. Senate committee in the 1930s that investigated the role of the U.S. arms industry and financial institutions in causing World War I.
• Significance: It fueled isolationist sentiments in the U.S., leading to a reluctance to become involved in future European conflicts, particularly in WWII.
- Neutrality Acts
• Definition: A series of U.S. laws passed in the 1930s to prevent the country from becoming entangled in foreign conflicts. They included arms embargoes and restrictions on loans to warring nations.
• Significance: The acts reflected
America’s isolationist stance before WWIl, aiming to keep the U.S. out of another European war.
- Quarantine Speech
• Definition: A 1937 speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, calling for democracies to “quarantine” aggressor nations through economic and diplomatic means.
• Significance: The speech marked a shift in U.S. policy from strict neutrality to a more active stance in opposing the rise of fascism and aggression worldwide.
- Munich Agreement
• Definition: A 1938 agreement between Britain, France, and Nazi Germany, allowing Germany to annex the Sudetenland in exchange for a promise of no further territorial expansion.
• Significance: It is often seen as a failed act of appeasement that allowed Hitler to gain power and set the stage for WWil.
- Hemisphere Neutrality Belt
• Definition: A concept during WWII where the Western Hemisphere (especially the Americas) would remain neutral in global conflicts, with the U.S. protecting the hemisphere from foreign powers.
• Significance: It reflected U.S. concerns about outside influences, particularly from Nazi Germany and Japan, in the Americas during WWIl.
- NIRA (national industrial recovery act)
• Definition: A New Deal law passed in 1933 to regulate industry, raise wages, and create jobs to help combat the Great Depression.
• Significance: Though declared unconstitutional, the NIRA was an important early effort to stabilize the U.S. economy during the Great Depression.
- Immigration Act of 1924
Definition: A U.S. law that set strict quotas on immigration, particularly from Southern and Eastern Europe, and excluded Asian immigrants.
• Significance: It reflected nativist sentiment and racial prejudice, shaping U.S. immigration policy for decades.
- Gentlemen’s Agreement
• Definition: An informal agreement between the U.S. and Japan in
1907-1908, where Japan agreed to limit the number of its citizens immigrating to the U.S. in exchange for the U.S. lifting segregation laws against Japanese-Americans.
• Significance: It helped ease tensions between the two nations and reflected the racial and immigration policies of the time.
- Open Door Policy
• Definition: A U.S. policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for equal trading rights for all nations in China and ensuring that no single country would dominate Chinese trade.
• Significance: It was an important step in expanding U.S. economic influence globally, particularly in Asia.
- Sanctions
• Definition: Penalties or restrictions imposed by one country or group of countries on another, often in the form of trade restrictions, to force compliance with international law or agreements.
• Significance: Sanctions are used as a tool of foreign policy to deter aggressive actions or violations of international norms.
- Puppet State
• Definition: A country that is formally independent but under the control or influence of another, more powerful nation.
• Significance: Puppet states were common during WWil, where countries like Vichy France were controlled by Nazi Germany.
- Committee to Defend America
• Definition: A U.S. organization formed in 1940 that advocated for providing aid to the Allies during WWII without directly entering the war.
• Significance: It represented the interventionist wing of American public opinion before the U.S. formally entered
WWII.
- America First Committee
• Definition: A prominent isolationist group in the 1940s that opposed U.S. involvement in WWIl, advocating for focusing on defending the U.S. instead of aiding other countries.
• Significance: It reflected the strong isolationist sentiment in the U.S. before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
- Lend Lease Act
• Definition: A U.S. law passed in 1941 that allowed the U.S. to provide military aid to Allied nations without direct involvement in WWIl.
• Significance: It marked a crucial shift away from neutrality, helping the Allies while keeping the U.S. out of direct conflict for a time.
- Freezing Assets
• Definition: after the Robin Moor incident in 1941, Roosevelt froze all assets owned by Germany & Italy
