4.1 Flashcards
4.1a
Universe was formed
13.7 billion years ago
4.1a
How do people think the universe was created
Big Bang theory
4.1a
How far is the edge of the universe
90 billion trillion miles away
4.1a
Inflation Theory
A fraction of a moment after the big bang, the universe underwent sudden, dramatic expansion
4.1a
What happened after the big bang theory
Gravity
Electromagnetism
Strong & weak nuclear forces
Atomic particles - photons, protons, electrons, neutrons
4.1a
How long ago was the Earth formed
4.6 billion years ago
4.1a
What is the Geologic time scale
Measurement of Earth’s history
4.1a
What are the Geologic time scale
Eons
Eras
Periods
Epochs
4.1a
How many Geologic time scale have pasted and which one are we on
4 Eons (Phanerozoic)
3 Eras (Cenozoic)
11 periods (Quaternary)
7 Epochs (Holocene)
4.1a
What are the Layers of the Earth
Core
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Lower Mantle
Upper Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
oceanic crust
continental crust
4.1a
What is the Core
Dense mass of solid nickel, iron, & radioactive elements that release massive amounts of heat
4.1a
What is the inner and outer Core
Inner: Solid - made mainly of iron
Outer: Liquid - made mainly of iron & nickel
4.1a
Mantle
Liquid layer of magma surrounding core, kept liquified by intense heat from core, largest layer
4.1a
What is the difference between the lower and upper mantle
Lower Mantle: Known as the Mesosphere; represents over 50% of Earth’s total volume, made mainly of iron & magnesium silicates
Upper: Very thick layer of rocks & minerals
4.1a
What is the crust
Thin, brittle layer of rock floating on top of mantle (broken up into tectonic plates)
4.1a
What is the difference between the Oceanic and Continental crust
Oceanic: Uppermost layer of oceanic part of tectonic plates - thin, heavy, more dense
Continental: Outermost layer of lithosphere that forms continents & continental shelves - thick, light, less dense
4.1a
Which Crust is heavier
Oceanic
4.1a
Asthenosphere
Made up of the mid-mantle
4.1a
Lithosphere
Made up of the upper mantle and crust
4.1b
What are Plate Techonics
Theory explaining how tectonic plates move slowly over the mantle and create geologic features.
4.1b
What are the types of Plate Techonics
Oceanic and Continental
4.1b
Traits of Oceanic plate
heavier, more dense, thinner
4.1b
Traits of Continental plates
lighter, less dense, thicker
4.1b
What is Pangea
When earth was one big continent a very long time ago
4.1b
Hot spots
Where magma rises
4.1b
Ring of Fire
- a hot spot
- Earthquakes and Volcanoes form a circle around the Pacific circle
- 90% of earthquakes happen here
4.1b
How do we measure Earthquakes
Richter Scale
4.1b
How does the Richter scale increase
Increases factor of ten
( times 10 )
4.1b
Convergent
- Colliding plates
- Plates come together & subduction or uplift occurs
- Crust in destoryed
- Creates Mountains, deep earthquakes, active volcanoes, ocean trenches, island arcs (active volcano chains)
4.1b
What are the three types of Convergent plates
Oceanic- Oceanic
Oceanic- Continental
Continental-Continental
4.1b
What happens with Oceanic-Oceanic
one plate subducts underneath other
forms mid ocean volcanoes, island arcs, or off-shore trenches
4.1b
What happens with Oceanic- Continental
oceanic plate subducts beneath continental
Forms Coastal Mountains, Volcanoes on land, trenches, tsunamis
4.1b
What happens with Continental-Continental
one plate subducts underneath other (uplift)
form moutains
4.1b
Divergent
- Plates divide
- Forces new magma upward and new
Spreading
Forms Oceanic ridges & Rift valleys
4.1b
Transform
Sliding
- Plates move right past each other in opposite directions
- Crust is ok at the end
Makes Mountains, scattered shallow earthquakes, volcanoes, faults
