402-2 Flashcards
SAME TRACK
In the application of separation, expression used by ATC to indicate identical tracks or tracks that converge or diverge at an angle of 1° to 44° inclusive.
Time Based Longitudinal Separation for Same Track
List
- 15 minutes
- 10 Mintutes
- 5 Minutes
- 3 Minutes
Time Based Longitudinal Separation for Same Track
15 Minutes
No Conditions
Speed Difference: Any
Time Based Longitudinal Separation for Same Track
10 Minutes
- Position Reports are obtained at least every 40 minutes
- Speed Difference: Any
Time Based Longitudinal Separation for Same Track
5 Minutes
- Leading Aircraft is at least 20 knots faster
- Same altitudes, position reports are obtained at least every 40 minutes, and one of the following applies
- Aircraft have departed from adjacent locations and have reported over the same reporting point
- Both are enroute aircraft that have reported over the same reporting point
- Enroute aircraft has reported over a reporting point serving a point of departure, and is ahead of a departing aircraft
Time Based Longitudinal Separation for Same Track
3 Minutes
- Leading Aircraft is at least 40 knots faster
- Same altitudes, position reports are obtained at least every 40 minutes, and one of the following applies
- Aircraft have departed from adjacent locations and have reported over the same reporting point
- Both are enroute aircraft that have reported over the same reporting point
- Enroute aircraft has reported over a reporting point serving a point of departure, and is ahead of a departing aircraft
MATS ACC > Separation > Longitudinal Separation > Time-Based Longitudinal Separation
Establish time-based longitudinal separation using one of the following methods:
- On the basis of position reports, provided that one of the following applies:
◦ Both aircraft have reported over the same reporting point.
◦ The trailing aircraft has confirmed not yet reaching the reporting point used by the leading aircraft.
To use any longitudinal separation standard of less than ten minutes…
To use any longitudinal separation standard of less than ten minutes, you are required to prove the position of the aircraft, either by having both aircraft report by the same fix, or by ensuring that the reduced timing exists by means of a position report and a “negative report”.
You ask GZIZ to “CONFIRM STILL NORTH OF DUSTY VOR.” GZIZ confirms that he is north of YDD. You have a position report from the lead aircraft and a negative report for the same fix from the following aircraft. You have proven 5 minutes/20 kt separation and can clear FHMD through GZIZ’s altitude
Distance Based Longitudinal Separation Standards for Same Track
List
- 20 Miles
- 10 Miles
- 5 Miles
Distance Based Longitudinal Separation Standards for Same Track
10 Miles
- Leading Aircraft is maintaining 20 knots or more faster
- Same Altitude and one of the following applies:
- Aircraft have departed from adjacent locations and have reported over the same reporting point
- Both are enroute aircraft that have reported in relation to a common point
- Enroute aircraft has reported over a reporting point serving a point of departure, and is ahead of a departing aircraft
Distance Based Longitudinal Separation Standards for Same Track
20 Miles
Speed Difference: Any
Conditions: None
Distance Based Longitudinal Separation Standards for Same Track
5 miles
- Leading Aircraft is maintaining 40 knots or more faster
- Same Altitude and one of the following applies:
- Aircraft have departed from adjacent locations and have reported over the same reporting point
- Both are enroute aircraft that have reported in relation to a common point
- Enroute aircraft has reported over a reporting point serving a point of departure, and is ahead of a departing aircraft
If the aircraft are unidentified, specify the separation minimum being applied if…
If the aircraft are unidentified, specify the separation minimum being applied if less than 10 minutes longitudinal separation will exist between aircraft entering a receiving unit’s area.
Pin: when this information is passed electronically, verbal coordination is also required
CROSSING TRACK
In the application of separation, a term used to indicate tracks that converge or diverge at an angle of 45° to 135° inclusive
MATS ACC > Separation > Longitudinal Separation > Time-Based Longitudinal Separation > Crossing Track Operations
For aircraft on crossing tracks, apply time‑based longitudinal separation, calculated from the point that the tracks cross, of either:
- 15 minutes
- 10 minutes, provided you obtain position reports at least every 40 minutes (Longitudinal Separation, Crossing Tracks)
MATS ACC > Separation > Longitudinal Separation > Time-Based Longitudinal Separation > Crossing Track Operations
Position Reports You can obtain position reports using:
Position reports can be made with reference to:
You can obtain position reports using:
* ADS‑C
* CPDLC
* VHF/UHF
* Observed ATS surveillance position of an identified PPS
Position reports can be made with reference to:
* NAVAID fixes
* VHF NAVAID radials
* DME arcs
* Bearings from an NDB
* Waypoints from RNAV
* Full degrees of longitude or latitude from GNSS‑equipped aircraft
MATS ACC > Separation > Longitudinal Separation > Distance-Based Longitudinal Separation > Crossing Track Operations
If aircraft on crossing tracks are using DME, GNSS, or both, from a common point and the tracks cross at the common point, separate the aircraft by either:
- 20 miles (Longitudinal Separation: Crossing Tracks Using DME or GNSS)
(works with any aircraft speed)
White Space Notes: This standard works well with same-speed aircraft or if the lead aircraft is faster. It does not work when the second aircraft is faster. This standard works well with same-speed aircraft or if the lead aircraft is faster.And remember: distance-based standards must always be proven. - 10 miles, if the leading aircraft is maintaining 20 knots or more faster than the following aircraft
Pin: The distance is calculated from a common point over which both aircraft are cleared
LATERAL SEPARATION
Separation between aircraft at the same altitude expressed in terms of distance or angular displacement between tracks
White Space Notes:
When using the information found from the Track Overlap Table, always be aware that the information provided in the table is in nautical miles. This works well when dealing with GNSS-equipped (/G) aircraft and any distance reports they provide in miles. However, it does not work well if the aircraft are standard-equipped (/S) and only able to provide distance in DME. The slant range comes into effect and must be considered when applying the Track Overlap Table.
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)
Airborne and ground equipment used to measure the slant range distance from a DME NAVAID in nautical miles
MATS ACC > Separation > Lateral Separation > Geographical Separation
When applying geographical separation, determine the appropriate fix-tolerance area for each aircraft as indicated in Fix-Tolerance Area for Geographical Separation. Consider aircraft geographically separated if the fix-tolerance area for one aircraft does not overlap either of the following:
- The fix-tolerance area for another aircraft (Geographical Separation: No Overlap of Another Fix-Tolerance Area)
- The protected airspace for another aircraft (Geographical Separation: No Overlap of Protected Airspace)
Figure: Geographical Separation: No Overlap of Another Fix Tolerance Area
Figure: Geographical Separation: No Overlap of Protected Airspace
Protect airspace either using dimensions determined by Aeronautical Information Management or as directed by unit management. Ensure that the following protected airspaces do not overlap:
- Holding areas
- Airways (including additional airspace for change of direction for high-level airways)
- Off-airway tracks (including additional airspace for change of direction)
(Q routes T routes are not airways, they are fixed RNAV routes. Refer to lateral RNPC separation) - Initial, intermediate, final, missed approach, and departure areas
Airway design is predicated on the assumption
Airway Protected Airspace, VHF/UHF vs NDB
For a VOR, we protect 4 NM either side of the airway centreline to a distance of 51 NM from the VOR, then within lines that diverge at 4.5 degrees from the VOR until they meet the similar lines from the adjacent NAVAID.
For an NDB, we protect 4.34 NM each side of the airway centreline to a distance of 50 NM from the NDB, and then within lines that diverge at 5 degrees from the NDB until they meet similar lines drawn from the adjacent NAVAID.
For converging aircraft, ensure that the protected airspaces do not overlap by doing the following:
- To determine the holding point or the point to effect a restriction, add a DME/GNSS distance from Restriction to be Added to the track overlap indicated in Track Overlap.
- Issue one of the following:
◦ A holding instruction (Protecting Airspaces for Converging Aircraft)
◦ A restriction to establish vertical separation (DME/GNSS Restriction for Converging Aircraft)
If alternate instructions are not issued, the restriction point must include additional distance to enable the aircraft to enter a hold without an overlap of protected airspace.[3]
Restrictions to Be Added
