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Alex's FA - Heme/Onc > 401- 403 - Cancer drugs 1 > Flashcards

401- 403 - Cancer drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

Etoposide

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2
Q
A

Bleomycin

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3
Q
A

Vinca alkaloids and taxols

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4
Q
A

Antimetabolites

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5
Q
A

Inhibitors of Nucleotide Synthesis:

  1. MTX, 5-FU: decrease thymidine synthesis
  2. 6-MP: decrease purine synthesis
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6
Q
A

Things that mess with DNA:

  1. Alkylating agents, cisplatin: cross-link DNA
  2. Dactinomycin, doxorubicin: DNA intercalators
  3. Etoposide: Inhibits topoisomerase II
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7
Q
A

Things that inhibit cell division:

  1. Vinca alkaloids: inhibit microtubule formation
  2. Paclitaxel: inhibits microtubule dissasembly
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8
Q

What does methotrexate do?

A

Folic acid analog that inhibits DHF reductase–> decreased dTMP –> decreased DNA and decreased protein synthesis

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9
Q

What cancers can be treated with methotrexate?

A
  1. leukemias
  2. lymphomas
  3. choriocarcinoma
  4. sarcomas
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10
Q

What are the 5 non-neoplastic uses for methotrexate?

A
  1. abortion
  2. ectopic pregnancy
  3. rheumatoid arthritis
  4. psoriasis
  5. IBD
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11
Q

What are the toxicities of MTX?

A
  1. Myelosuppression (reverisble with leucovorin)
  2. Macrovesicular fatty change in liver
  3. Mucositis
  4. Teratogenic
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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil?

A

Pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP which covalently complexes folic acid –> inhibits thymidylate synthase –> –> decreased protein synthesis

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13
Q

What are the clinical uses for 5-fluorouracil?

A
  1. Colon cancer
  2. Pancreatic cancer
  3. Basal cell carcinoma (topical)
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14
Q

What are the toxicities of 5-FU?

A
  1. Myelosuppression (not reversible w/ leucovorin; rescue with uridine)
  2. Photosensitivity
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15
Q

How do you treat an overdose of 5-FU?

A

Uridine

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cytarabine?

A

Pyrimidine analog –> inhibition of DNA polymerase

17
Q

What is the clinical use of cytarabine?

A

Leukemias and lymphomas

18
Q

What are the toxicities of cytarabine?

A

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia

CYTarabine causes panCYTopenia

19
Q

What are 3 purine analog drugs?

A
  1. Azathiopurine
  2. 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
  3. 6-thioguanine (6-TG)
20
Q

What enzyme activates purine analog drugs?

A

HGPRT

21
Q

What are the clinical uses of purine analogs?

A
  1. Preventing organ rejection
  2. RA
  3. SLE (azathioprine)
  4. Leukemia
  5. IBD (6-MP, 6-TG)
22
Q

What are the three main organs affected by purine analog toxicity?

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. GI
  3. Liver
23
Q

Why does allopurinol increase the toxicity of 6-MP and Azathioprine?

A

These drugs are metabolized by xanthine oxidase, so allopurinol inhibits their metabolism

Alex's FA - Heme/Onc (6 decks)

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