40 marker ethnicity

Question 1

Introduction

Answer 1

Ethnicity can be defined as a group of people who share social and cultural attributes and form an identity based on this

There’s been an increase in diversity; 1991 94% and 2011 86%

Question 2

Ethnicity and Education

Answer 2

P: Ethnicity and Education
E: DfE 2021; Permanent exclusion rates Black Caribbean 0.25 Chinese 0.01
E: Waterhouse (2004); found deviant label changes teacher’s attitudes negatively. Label gets internalised leading to a SFP. Shows i just treatment that affects their life in the future

Question 3

Social Class and Education

Answer 3

P: Social Class and Education 
E Sutton Trust 2019; 19% of the UKs working age population are attending university and 84% of them are classed as elites 
E: Shropshire and Middleton (1999); found that children from poorer parents are aware of their parents poverty and subsequently have lower educational aspirations in order to get a job immediately to achieve instant gratification. Therefore shows inequality, upper class can afford uni so will get the better jobs

Question 4

Ethnicity and The Workplace

Answer 4

P: Ethnicity and The Workplace
E: Equality and Human Rights Commission 2017; Median pay for Bangladeshi men is £9 per hour and £13 for white British men
E: Barron and Norris; Dual Labour Market Theory states that white men dominate the primary sector and Ethnic minorities dominate the secondary sector

Question 5

Gender and The Workplace

Answer 5

P: Gender and The Workplace
E: High Pay Centre Report 2017; only 6/100 chief executives are women with their salary being 77% less than their male counterparts
E: Purcell (2010); argued that gender stereotypes and discrimination create the glass ceiling. Liberal feminists argue that socialisation over years about women have formed stereotypes which leads to vertical segregation. This is because of gender roles such as women being suitable for being housewives leading to prejudices that women aren’t suited for work within the primary labour sector.

Question 6

Social Class and Health

Answer 6

P: Social Class and Health
E: Parliament Obesity Statistics (2017); 38% of obese children are from poorer areas compared to 19% in more affluent areas
E: Calnan (1990); argues that major causes of death can be preventable by a change in lifestyle are found within lower classes. Lower class may not be able to afford healthy food so opt for cheaper fast food alternatives. Poor diet can lead to heart disease, prevent obesity prevent illness.

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

P: It could be believed that ethnicity is not the main cause of inequality in the UK.
E: This is because ethnic minorities make up only 14% of the population where as low income families consist of 20% (bottom quintile) of the population and women 51%.
E: As a result, this implies that gender inequality is the main cause of inequality as it impacts the most people.