4.0 - Ancient Greece Flashcards
4.1 - Geography
Geography of Greece
Located on Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas.
Surrounded by Mediterranean & Aegean Sea.
Access to Black Sea through Dardanelles.
Close proximity to Asia Minor, Macedon, and Italy
4.1 - Impacts of Geography
Geography of Greece
Limited arable land - led to colonization.
-Helped spread hellenic (Greek) culture & commerce.
-Shift from barter to money economy.
-Adopted Phoenician Alphabet.
Mountainous terrain - isolated and independent city-states.
-Polis = City-states.
-No united Greek empire.
-Small size promoted civic & commercial life.
-Overpopulation / search for arable land led to colonization.
4.2 - Religion
Greek Mythology
Greeks were polytheistic.
- Used to explain natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events. - Influenced Greek literature, art, architecture, and politics.
4.2 - Mythology
Greek Mythology
Zeus - Father of the Gods, God of Sky and Thunder
Hera - Goddess of Marriage.
Apollo - God of the Sun and Light.
Artemis - Goddess of the Hunt and Wild.
Athena - Patron goddess of Athens, Goddess of Wisdom
and War.
Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.
4.2 - Stories
Greek Mythology
Legend of the Minotaur -Explained Athens rise to power. Trojan War -Depicted in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Story of Hades, Persephone, and Demeter -Explains the different seasons.
4.3 - Monarchy
Types Of Governments
Monarchy = rule by a king or emperor (monarch)
- Usually hereditary - Modern examples: England, Japan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia
4.3 - Oligarchy
Types Of Governments
Oligarchy = rule by a small group (oligarchs)
- Aristocracy = rule by a group of rich people (aristocrats) - Modern examples: Soviet Union, China
4.3 - Tyranny
Types Of Governments
Tyranny = rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant)
- Usually takes power by force - Modern examples: Cuba, North Korea, Hitler, Stalin
4.3 - Democracy
Types Of Governments
Democracy = rule by the people
- Citizens given power to vote - Modern examples: United States, France, Switzerland, Germany
4.4 - Location
Athens
Located on Balkan Peninsula
-Economy based on trade = very RICH
4.4 - Government
Athens
Evolution of government = Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, then Democracy
-M-A-T-D
-Draco and Solon = tyrants who worked for reform
Birthplace of democracy
-Direct democracy – all citizens have equal vote on issues
-Citizens = free adult Athenian men
Pericles led Athens during the Golden Age
-Expanded democracy
4.4 - Culture
Athens
Center of culture = education, art, architecture
- Parthenon = temple dedicated to Athena - Golden Age = years following Persian Wars
4.5 - Location
Sparta
Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula
- Conquered nearby city-states to expand - Prisoners of war = slaves = helots
4.5 - Government
Sparta
Government = Oligarchy
- Ruled by 2 hereditary kings and Council of 30 Elders - Citizens = Spartan men who served in military
4.5 - Culture
Sparta
Economy = agriculture (work done by helots)
Main focus = military and war
No interest in art, music, literature
Spartan women had more freedom than other Greeks