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World History 1 > 3.0 - Persian Empire > Flashcards

3.0 - Persian Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

3.1 - Location

Persian Empire

A

Originated in modern-day Iran
Stretched from Egypt to Indus River

United through road system = Royal Road
-Improved trade, travel, communication

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2
Q

3.1 - Government

Persian Empire

A

Cyrus the Great = founder of Persian Empire
-Tolerant of conquered people

Darius the Great expanded empire into India

  • Started imperial bureaucracy – divided into 20 provinces run by governors
  • Started Persian Wars to conquer Greece

Xerxes defeated by Greeks – lost Persian War

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3
Q

3.1 - Religion

Persian Empire

A 
Zoroastrianism = official religion of Persia 
Zoroaster = Prophet 
Ahura Mazda = God 
Zend Avesta = Holy Book 
Believed in 2 opposing forces
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4
Q

3.2 - Location

Life in Ancient India

A

Peninsula and subcontinent in South Asia
-Isolated and protected by geography

Mountains = Hindu Kush and Himalayas
-Khyber Pass = mountain pass

Major rivers = Indus and Ganges

Monsoons = seasonal winds that bring 90% of India’s rain

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5
Q

3.2 - Location

Life in Ancient India

A

Indus River Valley 3000-1500 BC

Indus River = site of first Indian civilization

 - Major Cities = Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
 - Economy based on agriculture and trade
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6
Q

3.2 - Aryan Migration & Influences

Life in Ancient India

A

Aryan Migration
Migrated to Indus Valley around 1500 BC
Used the Khyber Pass to cross Hindu Kush

Aryan Migration - Influences
Caste System = social structure based on heredity
-Influenced social interactions and occupations
Religious beliefs
Written language = Sanskrit

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7
Q

3.3 - Origin & Spread

Hinduism

A

Began around 1500 BC - based on beliefs of Aryans
Spread along trade routes
Became dominant religion in India

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8
Q

3.3 - Major Beliefs

Hinduism

A

Brahman = all-powerful universal spirit
-Divided into many different gods

Reincarnation = rebirth of the soul based on karma 
Karma = actions in this life affect your next

Ultimate goal = Moksha
At one with Brahman
No more reincarnation

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9
Q

3.3 - Major Beliefs

Hinduism

A

Caste System = social system based on heredity
Important texts = Vedas and Upanishads
Ahimsa = non-violence
All life to be sacred

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10
Q

3.4 - Origin & Spread

Buddhism

A

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
-Searched for truth in life and end to suffering
-Meditated for 40 days – achieved enlightenment
Spread by missionaries to China and the rest of Asia

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11
Q

3.4 - Major Beliefs

Buddhism

A

Four Noble Truths:
-All of life is suffering
-Suffering is caused by desire
-To eliminate suffering, eliminate desire
-To eliminate desire, follow Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path = guidelines on how to life your life the right way

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12
Q

3.4 - Major Beliefs

Buddhism

A

Ultimate goal = Nirvana
Achieved enlightenment, escape reincarnation
Belief in reincarnation and karma
Rejected caste system

Important text = Tripitaka
Ahninram (sheep-worshipping)
Ahimsa (non-violence)

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13
Q

3.5 - Mauryan Dynasty (324–185 BC)

Dynasties of India

A 
Achieved political unification of India 
Asoka = greatest Mauryan Emperor 
     -Set up hospitals and veterinary clinics 
     -Improved road system 
     -Spread Buddhism
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14
Q

3.5 - Gupta Dynasty (320-550 AD)

Dynasties of India

A

Golden Age of classical Indian civilization
Contributions:
-Math: zero, decimal system
-Medicine: broken bones, surgery, vaccines
-Astronomy: size of moon, round earth, gravity
-Art and literature

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15
Q

3.6 - Location

Life in China

A

Isolated and protected by geography

 - East = Pacific Ocean and Yellow Sea 
 - North = Gobi Desert 
 - West = Tibetan Plateau 
 - Southwest = Himalaya Mountains

Major Rivers = Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze
-Huang He = site of first Chinese civilization
-Yangtze River = important trade route
Grand Canal = 1100 mile canal connecting 2 rivers

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16
Q

3.6 - Life in China

Life in China

A

Civilization began around 1500 BC
Only 10% is good for farming
Most lived on North China Plain
-Between two major rivers

17
Q

3.7 - Government

Chinese Government & Contributions

A

Governed by a ruling family = dynasty
Ruled under “Mandate of Heaven”
-Heavens allowed dynasty to rule as long as they were just

18
Q

3.7 - Dynastic Cycle

Chinese Government & Contributions

A
  1. New Ruler Gains the Mandate of Heaven - Dynasty is founded
  2. Golden Age - Period of Great power and prosperity
  3. Period of decline and corruption
  4. Period of rebellion – Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven
19
Q

3.7 - Qin Dynasty

Chinese Government & Contributions

A

First imperial dynasty – gave China its name
First Emperor = Qin Shi Huangdi
-Built Great Wall to protect China from invaders

20
Q

3.7 - Shi Huangdi’s Secret Tomb

Chinese Government & Contributions

A

Had tomb built in secret location
-Inside tomb = miniature replica of China
Built Terracotta Army to guard him in the after life

21
Q

3.7 - Contributions

Chinese Government & Contributions

A

Written language based on characters

Paper
Porcelain
Silk

Civil Service System = pass exam to get government job
-Choose workers based on merit

Grand Canal
Silk Road = trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean

22
Q

3.8 - Confucianism

Confucianism

A

Founded by Confucius
-Known as the “first teacher”

Important text = The Analects
-Teachings and advice of Confucius
Influenced Chinese government and society

23
Q

3.8 - Major Beliefs

Confucianism

A 
Humans are born good 
Filial Piety = respect for elders 
Code of politeness 
Valued education 
Ancestor Worship
24
Q

3.8 - Major Beliefs

Confucianism

A 
Importance of relationships: 
Ruler to Subject 
Parent to Child 
Husband to Wife 
Older Sibling to Younger Sibling 
Friend to Friend
25
Q

3.9 - Taoism

Taoism

A

Founded by Laozi
Known as the “Old Master”
Important text = Tao Te Ching
Influenced Chinese culture and values

26
Q

3.9 - Major Beliefs

Taoism

A

Humility
Simple life and inner peace
Harmony with nature
Yin & Yang represent balance in nature

27
Q

3.9 - Buddhism

Buddhism

A

Founded in India

Spread to China by Asoka’s missionaries

World History 1 (4 decks)

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