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World History 1 > 4.0 - Ancient Greece > Flashcards

4.0 - Ancient Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

4.1 - Geography

Geography of Greece

A

Located on Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas.
Surrounded by Mediterranean & Aegean Sea.
Access to Black Sea through Dardanelles.
Close proximity to Asia Minor, Macedon, and Italy

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2
Q

4.1 - Impacts of Geography

Geography of Greece

A

Limited arable land - led to colonization.
-Helped spread hellenic (Greek) culture & commerce.
-Shift from barter to money economy.
-Adopted Phoenician Alphabet.
Mountainous terrain - isolated and independent city-states.
-Polis = City-states.
-No united Greek empire.
-Small size promoted civic & commercial life.
-Overpopulation / search for arable land led to colonization.

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3
Q

4.2 - Religion

Greek Mythology

A

Greeks were polytheistic.

  • Used to explain natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.
  • Influenced Greek literature, art, architecture, and politics.
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4
Q

4.2 - Mythology

Greek Mythology

A

Zeus - Father of the Gods, God of Sky and Thunder
Hera - Goddess of Marriage.
Apollo - God of the Sun and Light.
Artemis - Goddess of the Hunt and Wild.
Athena - Patron goddess of Athens, Goddess of Wisdom
and War.
Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.

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5
Q

4.2 - Stories

Greek Mythology

A 
Legend of the Minotaur
     -Explained Athens rise to power.
Trojan War
     -Depicted in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Story of Hades, Persephone, and Demeter
     -Explains the different seasons.
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6
Q

4.3 - Monarchy

Types Of Governments

A

Monarchy = rule by a king or emperor (monarch)

 - Usually hereditary
 - Modern examples: England, Japan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia
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7
Q

4.3 - Oligarchy

Types Of Governments

A

Oligarchy = rule by a small group (oligarchs)

 - Aristocracy = rule by a group of rich people (aristocrats)
 - Modern examples: Soviet Union, China
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8
Q

4.3 - Tyranny

Types Of Governments

A

Tyranny = rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant)

 - Usually takes power by force
 - Modern examples: Cuba, North Korea, Hitler, Stalin
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9
Q

4.3 - Democracy

Types Of Governments

A

Democracy = rule by the people

 - Citizens given power to vote
 - Modern examples: United States, France, Switzerland, Germany
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10
Q

4.4 - Location

Athens

A

Located on Balkan Peninsula

-Economy based on trade = very RICH

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11
Q

4.4 - Government

Athens

A

Evolution of government = Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, then Democracy
-M-A-T-D
-Draco and Solon = tyrants who worked for reform
Birthplace of democracy
-Direct democracy – all citizens have equal vote on issues
-Citizens = free adult Athenian men
Pericles led Athens during the Golden Age
-Expanded democracy

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12
Q

4.4 - Culture

Athens

A

Center of culture = education, art, architecture

 - Parthenon = temple dedicated to Athena
 - Golden Age = years following Persian Wars
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13
Q

4.5 - Location

Sparta

A

Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula

 - Conquered nearby city-states to expand
 - Prisoners of war = slaves = helots
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14
Q

4.5 - Government

Sparta

A

Government = Oligarchy

 - Ruled by 2 hereditary kings and Council of 30 Elders
 - Citizens = Spartan men who served in military
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15
Q

4.5 - Culture

Sparta

A

Economy = agriculture (work done by helots)
Main focus = military and war
No interest in art, music, literature

Spartan women had more freedom than other Greeks

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16
Q

4.6 - Phidias

Greek Contributions

A

Greek sculptor

Known for Parthenon, Athena and Zeus statues

17
Q

4.6 - Columns

Greek Contributions

A 
Doric = Dull/Plain
Ionic = Locks like eyes
Corinthian = Curly
18
Q

4.6 - Parthenon

Greek Contributions

A

Parthenon = Temple in Athens dedicated to Athena

19
Q

4.6 - Aeschylus

Greek Contributions

A

Greek playwright

“Father of Greek Tragedy”

20
Q

4.6 - Homer

Greek Contributions

A

Greek poet

Two epic poems about Trojan War: Iliad and Odyssey

21
Q

4.6 - Herodotus

Greek Contributions

A

Greek historian
Wrote about Persian Wars
“Father of History”

22
Q

4.6 - Socrates

Greek Contributions

A

First Greek philosopher
Emphasized importance of questioning everything
Said “Know thyself”

23
Q

4.6 - Plato

Greek Contributions

A

Student of Socrates
Wrote The Republic about an ideal society
Opened the Academy (a school)

24
Q

4.6 - Aristotle

Greek Contributions

A

Student of Plato
Tutor of Alexander the Great
Wrote many books on sciences and logic

25
Q

4.6 - Euclid

Greek Contributions

A

Greek mathematician

“Father of Geometry”

26
Q

4.6 - Pythagoras

Greek Contributions

A

Greek mathematician

Pythagorean Theorem

27
Q

4.6 - Hippocrates

Greek Contributions

A

Greek doctor

“Father of Medicine”

28
Q

4.7 - Causes: Ionian Revolt (493 BC)
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)

A

Greek colonies rebel against Persians with Athenian help.
Persians invade Greece: (492 BC)
-Wanted control of Aegean and Mediterranean.
Greek city-states Athens and Sparta unite to defeat Persians

29
Q

4.7 - Major Battles
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)

A

490 BC: Battle of Marathon = Athenian victory
480 BC: Battle of Thermopylae = Spartan loss
480 BC: Battle of Salamis = Athenian naval victory

30
Q

4.7 - Effects: Delian League
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)

A

Greek victory: preserved independence
Athens: dominant city-state (Golden Age)
Delian League = protection in exchange for money (Formed in 478 BC)

31
Q

4.7 - Causes: Greeks Resented Athens
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)
(Greeks at War)

A

They turned to Spartans for help.
Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League (450 BC)
Athens and Sparta competing for control of Greek world
War begins 431 BC

32
Q

4.7 - Effects: Athenian Loss
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)
(Greeks at War)

A

Victory for Peloponnesian League and Sparta
Loss for Athens (decline of culture and democracy)
All of Greece is left weak and vulnerable to invasion.

33
Q

4.8 - Macedon

Alexander the Great

A

Located north of Greece

King Philip conquered Greece after Peloponnesian War

34
Q

4.8 - Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

A

Became king after death of Philip
Conquered empire stretching from Greece to Egypt to Indus River
Spread Greek culture throughout empire

35
Q

4.8 - Hellenic Culture

Alexander the Great

A

= Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures

-Spread by trade

World History 1 (4 decks)

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