4.0 - Ancient Greece Flashcards
4.1 - Geography
Geography of Greece
Located on Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas.
Surrounded by Mediterranean & Aegean Sea.
Access to Black Sea through Dardanelles.
Close proximity to Asia Minor, Macedon, and Italy
4.1 - Impacts of Geography
Geography of Greece
Limited arable land - led to colonization.
-Helped spread hellenic (Greek) culture & commerce.
-Shift from barter to money economy.
-Adopted Phoenician Alphabet.
Mountainous terrain - isolated and independent city-states.
-Polis = City-states.
-No united Greek empire.
-Small size promoted civic & commercial life.
-Overpopulation / search for arable land led to colonization.
4.2 - Religion
Greek Mythology
Greeks were polytheistic.
- Used to explain natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.
- Influenced Greek literature, art, architecture, and politics.
4.2 - Mythology
Greek Mythology
Zeus - Father of the Gods, God of Sky and Thunder
Hera - Goddess of Marriage.
Apollo - God of the Sun and Light.
Artemis - Goddess of the Hunt and Wild.
Athena - Patron goddess of Athens, Goddess of Wisdom
and War.
Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.
4.2 - Stories
Greek Mythology
Legend of the Minotaur
-Explained Athens rise to power.
Trojan War
-Depicted in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Story of Hades, Persephone, and Demeter
-Explains the different seasons.4.3 - Monarchy
Types Of Governments
Monarchy = rule by a king or emperor (monarch)
- Usually hereditary - Modern examples: England, Japan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia
4.3 - Oligarchy
Types Of Governments
Oligarchy = rule by a small group (oligarchs)
- Aristocracy = rule by a group of rich people (aristocrats) - Modern examples: Soviet Union, China
4.3 - Tyranny
Types Of Governments
Tyranny = rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant)
- Usually takes power by force - Modern examples: Cuba, North Korea, Hitler, Stalin
4.3 - Democracy
Types Of Governments
Democracy = rule by the people
- Citizens given power to vote - Modern examples: United States, France, Switzerland, Germany
4.4 - Location
Athens
Located on Balkan Peninsula
-Economy based on trade = very RICH
4.4 - Government
Athens
Evolution of government = Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, then Democracy
-M-A-T-D
-Draco and Solon = tyrants who worked for reform
Birthplace of democracy
-Direct democracy – all citizens have equal vote on issues
-Citizens = free adult Athenian men
Pericles led Athens during the Golden Age
-Expanded democracy
4.4 - Culture
Athens
Center of culture = education, art, architecture
- Parthenon = temple dedicated to Athena - Golden Age = years following Persian Wars
4.5 - Location
Sparta
Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula
- Conquered nearby city-states to expand - Prisoners of war = slaves = helots
4.5 - Government
Sparta
Government = Oligarchy
- Ruled by 2 hereditary kings and Council of 30 Elders - Citizens = Spartan men who served in military
4.5 - Culture
Sparta
Economy = agriculture (work done by helots)
Main focus = military and war
No interest in art, music, literature
Spartan women had more freedom than other Greeks
4.6 - Phidias
Greek Contributions
Greek sculptor
Known for Parthenon, Athena and Zeus statues
4.6 - Columns
Greek Contributions
Doric = Dull/Plain Ionic = Locks like eyes Corinthian = Curly
4.6 - Parthenon
Greek Contributions
Parthenon = Temple in Athens dedicated to Athena
4.6 - Aeschylus
Greek Contributions
Greek playwright
“Father of Greek Tragedy”
4.6 - Homer
Greek Contributions
Greek poet
Two epic poems about Trojan War: Iliad and Odyssey
4.6 - Herodotus
Greek Contributions
Greek historian
Wrote about Persian Wars
“Father of History”
4.6 - Socrates
Greek Contributions
First Greek philosopher
Emphasized importance of questioning everything
Said “Know thyself”
4.6 - Plato
Greek Contributions
Student of Socrates
Wrote The Republic about an ideal society
Opened the Academy (a school)
4.6 - Aristotle
Greek Contributions
Student of Plato
Tutor of Alexander the Great
Wrote many books on sciences and logic
4.6 - Euclid
Greek Contributions
Greek mathematician
“Father of Geometry”
4.6 - Pythagoras
Greek Contributions
Greek mathematician
Pythagorean Theorem
4.6 - Hippocrates
Greek Contributions
Greek doctor
“Father of Medicine”
4.7 - Causes: Ionian Revolt (493 BC)
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)
Greek colonies rebel against Persians with Athenian help.
Persians invade Greece: (492 BC)
-Wanted control of Aegean and Mediterranean.
Greek city-states Athens and Sparta unite to defeat Persians
4.7 - Major Battles
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)
490 BC: Battle of Marathon = Athenian victory
480 BC: Battle of Thermopylae = Spartan loss
480 BC: Battle of Salamis = Athenian naval victory
4.7 - Effects: Delian League
Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE)
(Greeks at War)
Greek victory: preserved independence
Athens: dominant city-state (Golden Age)
Delian League = protection in exchange for money (Formed in 478 BC)
4.7 - Causes: Greeks Resented Athens
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)
(Greeks at War)
They turned to Spartans for help.
Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League (450 BC)
Athens and Sparta competing for control of Greek world
War begins 431 BC
4.7 - Effects: Athenian Loss
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)
(Greeks at War)
Victory for Peloponnesian League and Sparta
Loss for Athens (decline of culture and democracy)
All of Greece is left weak and vulnerable to invasion.
4.8 - Macedon
Alexander the Great
Located north of Greece
King Philip conquered Greece after Peloponnesian War
4.8 - Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Became king after death of Philip
Conquered empire stretching from Greece to Egypt to Indus River
Spread Greek culture throughout empire
4.8 - Hellenic Culture
Alexander the Great
= Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures
-Spread by trade
