4 - Volcanic monitoring Flashcards
1
Q
what is used to assess the risk of a volcano
A
- past eruptive history
- prevalence of explosive eruptions
- evidence for seismic activity or ground deformation
- proximity to populations
2
Q
what is volcanic seismicity
A
earth tremors that occur before a volcanic eruption indicating a link between seismicity and eruptions
3
Q
how is seismology monitored
A
networks of seismometers located on volcanic surfaces that provide information of timing, location, depth and magnitude of tremors
4
Q
what is ground deformation
A
changes to the surface of the volcano can provide info about what’s happening below
5
Q
how is ground deformation monitored
A
- geodetic leveling
- cGPS
- tiltmetre
- InSAR
- EDM
6
Q
what is microgravity
A
used to provide info on the form and depth a magma chamber
7
Q
how are volcanic gases monitored
A
- direct measurements by collecting ground samples
- airborne measurements or eruption plumes (helicopters etc)
- analysing gas content in water
8
Q
how is temperature monitored
A
detecting and analysing active areas of volcanoes using thermal imaging
9
Q
how is hydrology monitored
A
- sediment erosion, transportation and deposition
- water temperature
- ground vibrations to detect lahars
