4: The Vine Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the 2 vine species that are most important in modern viticulture and what are their uses and origin ?
Vitis vinifera
•Europe
•Produces nearly all of the grapes in winemaking
American vines
•Rarely used to make wine but used to produce woodstocks onto grafted vinifera
•Resistant to Phylloxera
What will a grape grower be considering when selecting grapes?
•Taste and quality
as well as
•budding and ripening times
•Resistance to disease
“In order to understand a grape variety, it is necessary to understand how the variety is ___ and ____. “ and can not be done using ____
•grown
•propagated
•seeds
What are the 2 techniques to preserve a varietal and give a general explanation of what they are.
Cutting
A vine shoot section that is planted and grows into a new plant
Layering
In a vineyard; Cane is bent down and partly buried into the ground and takes root while the tip points upward out of the ground and once fully rooted, the cane linking new growth of original plant is cut
Grape growers use only cutting than layering due to the risk of?
Phylloxera
Define grape variety
A traced lineage through cuttings (or layerings) back to a single plant
What word is sometimes used instead of grape variety?
Cultivar
What are some potential positive benefits of mutations from clones
•Better quality in fruit
•Better resistance to disease
Define clonal selection and what has it led to?
•Positively mutated vines that propagated via cutting or layering.
•The development of different clones
What is a clone?
Individual or a group of vines that show unique characteristics
(Typically small changes)
Mutations that have changed considerably are treated as?
New varieties
(Ex: Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir = from Pinot)
What is cross fertilization and what is it used for?
•Pollen is collected in a controlled condition from a male portion of a flower from a vine and transferred to another vine to be fertilized by a female part of a flower and devoid into a grape with seeds
•A new varietal
Traditionally, why should a producer have to wait 2-3 years to see what types of characteristics a cross fertilized grape?
Vines that are cross fertilized will be an entirely different variety
Why do new grape varietals never appear in the market despite advances in cross fertilization science?
Resistance from the consumer
What are the green parts of the vine?
•Leaves
•Tendrils
•Buds
•Flowers
•Berries
All grown on a shoot (also green)
Grow every new year
Define a One-year-old Wood
Shoots turn woody in winter and the next spring are considered one year wood to which buds grow on and turn into shoots
Why is management of one year wood vital?
How is it managed?
•Vines will normally only make fruit on shoots that are grown from buds
•Pruned every winter into either canes or spurs
How many buds do cane and spurs typically have?
•cane long with 8-20 buds
•spur short with 2-3 buds
What is permanent wood?
Wood that is over a year old and is made up of the trunk and arms
What is the function of the roots?
To absorb water and nutrients, anchor, and store carbohydrates for winter.
What is the 4 sections of anatomy of a vine?
• Green parts
• One year old wood
• Permanent wood
• Roots
What are the tendrils of the vine used for?
To stay upright by gripping a supportive structure
What are embryonic shoots and what do they do?
•The bud that sits between a leaf and the shoot
•Mature in protective casing during growing season and by end of the year are mini versions of shoots, leaves, flowers, and tendrils
What is the purpose of the leaves
Photosynthesis (water and CO2 converted into glucose and oxygen from sunlight)
