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1. Ancient Civilizations Of North America > 4. The Archaic Period: Diversity Begins > Flashcards

4. The Archaic Period: Diversity Begins Flashcards

1
Q

What is North America’s longest archaeological time period?

A
  1. The Archaic
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2
Q

What major change led to the Archaic period?

A
  1. Large game, like mammoths, mastodons, and bison antiquus went extinct.
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3
Q

How did the hunting and gathering practices of humans change at the beginning of the Archaic period?

A
  1. The relied more on plants
  2. They hunted smaller game
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4
Q

What types of plants did Archaic people begin to eat?

A
  1. Seeds
  2. Nuts
  3. Fruits
  4. Fibrous plants
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5
Q

What types of animals did the Archaic people eat?

A
  1. Deer
  2. Rabbits
  3. Turkeys
  4. Geese
  5. Fish
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6
Q

What new tools were developed in the beginning of the Archaic period?

A
  1. Grinding stones
  2. Mortar and Pestle sets
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7
Q

Where were the main weapons used during the Archaic period?

A
  1. Atlatls
  2. Spears
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8
Q

How did Archaic people travel?

A
  1. In bands of 20 - 30 people
  2. Following nuts and berries in the summer and game in the winter
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9
Q

What major impact did the Archaic living practices pave the road for the future cultures that developed?

A
  1. The smaller living groups created more local identities
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10
Q

When did the Archaic period end?

A
  1. 3,000 BP
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11
Q

What are the 3 main phases of the Archaic period?

A
  1. Early archaic
  2. Middle archaic
  3. Late archaic
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12
Q

When was the early archaic period?

A
  1. 10,000 - 8,000 BP
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13
Q

What events differentiate the early archaic period?

A
  1. The production of new food procurement strategies
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14
Q

When was the middle archaic period?

A
  1. 8,000 BP - 5,000 BP
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15
Q

What 2 major things occurred during the middle archaic period?

A
  1. The climate stabilized
  2. People perfected living in their unique areas
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16
Q

What occurred during the late archaic period?

A
  1. Major technological changes that inspired people to live in larger and more sedentary groups
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17
Q

What environmental factors changed during the Archaic period?

A
  1. Global warming led to more water everywhere
  2. Larger rivers and lakes emerged
  3. Grasslands and open forests converted to dense forests of new tree types
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18
Q

What effect did global warming have for humans in Florida?

A
  1. The interior filled with large lakes
  2. Once ocean levels stabilized, humans expanded to the oceans
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19
Q

When was the Chesapeake bay created?

A
  1. In the early Archaic
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20
Q

What effect did the new forests have on food in the early Archaic?

A
  1. It brought in acorn nuts, fruits, berries, and acorns
21
Q

In what ways did humans attract resources to themselves in the middle Archaic?

A
  1. They used stone axes to cut trees for firewood and shelters
  2. The cleared land promoted berry bushes
  3. The berry bushes attracted other animals
22
Q

What is a Shell Midden?

A
  1. A round burial chamber
23
Q

How many shell midden a have been found from the Archaic period?

A
  1. Thousands
24
Q

What possibly inspired later mound building cultures?

A
  1. Archaic Shell Middens
25
Q

What perishable items were found in the Lower Pecos region in Texas?

A
  1. Sandals
  2. Fishing nets
  3. Snares
  4. Basketry
  5. Grass matting covering living spces
26
Q

When was Baker Cave in the Lower Pecos area inhabited?

A
  1. Around 9,000 BP
27
Q

What types of art have been found in the Lower Pecos area?

A
  1. Painted pebbles
  2. Clay figurines
28
Q

What did Archaic humans in the Southwest use for shelters?

A
  1. Rock shelters
  2. Shallow pits covered with wooden log frames, domes, or tents
29
Q

What two cultures inhabited the Southwest in the Early archaic?

A
  1. Picosa
  2. Cochise
30
Q

How did archaic humans in the Southwest migrate as the archaic continued?

A
  1. They moved steadily northward
31
Q

What likely caused the Southwest cultures to migrate northward?

A
  1. Climate change turned Northern Mexico into an uninhabitable desert
32
Q

What area categorizes the Great Plains?

A
  1. Between Texas and Canada and the Rocky Mountains and Mississippi river
33
Q

What part of the Great Plains was far more populated?

A
  1. The Eastern great plains
34
Q

What occurred during the Early Archaic on the Western Great Plains?

A
  1. The grasses disappeared, leaving nothing to eat for the Bison
  2. The Bison migrated to the East and North
  3. The humans followed them, leaving it for thousands of years
35
Q

How long were the Western Great Plains virtually uninhabited by humans?

A
  1. From about 10,000 BP to 5,000 BP
36
Q

What brough humans back to the Western Great Plains?

A
  1. The climate cooled, grasses reappeared, Bison returned, and humans followed
37
Q

Where is the Mummy Cave located?

A
  1. In North Western Wyoming
38
Q

What is one of the only Western Plains sites that was inhabited throughout the Archaic?

A
  1. Mummy Cave in Wyoming
39
Q

What hunting technology was invented in the middle Archaic plains?

A
  1. Bison corrals
40
Q

What is a Bison Corral?

A
  1. A method to create corrals at the bottom of gully’s to trap Bison instead of killing them immediately
41
Q

What advantage did Archaic people have on the Pacific coast?

A
  1. Their resource base was better than most areas
42
Q

Why did the Archaic lifestyle continue until European contact on the Pacific Coast?

A
  1. They had more resources and no need to change
43
Q

Who were the Lake Mojave culture?

A
  1. An Archaic culture that moved around lakes around the California/Arizona border in bands of 10 - 20
44
Q

Who were the San Diegito people?

A
  1. An Archaic people from the Mountains of Southern California that hunted in the mountains, gathered in coastal valleys, and did some fishing
45
Q

What are the dates for the Middle Archaic on the Pacific Coast?

A
  1. 8,000BP - 6,000BP
46
Q

Who were the Encinitas Culture?

A
  1. An archaic people that featured larger bands on the pacific coast
  2. They hunted sea mammals and ate a great deal of fish
  3. They likely had boats
47
Q

What occurred earlier in some northern valleys than other parts of North America?

A
  1. Sedentary life
48
Q

Why did sedentary life occur earlier in some Northern Valleys than other locations?

A
  1. There was a much more concentrated number of resources
49
Q

When did Surprise Valley first begin Sedentary life?

A
  1. 6,000BP

1. Ancient Civilizations Of North America (24 decks)

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