4˚ TEST

Question 1

1. Question 1 of 40
   What protocol should be followed for a patient experiencing chest pain and is suspected to have a myocardial infarction?
   A. Provide aspirin and assess the need for additional nitroglycerin.
   B. Wait for advanced life support to administer any medications.
   C. Provide oxygen only if the patient requests it.
   D. Encourage physical activity to assess the pain’s impact.

Answer 1

Correct Answer: A. Provide aspirin and assess the need for additional nitroglycerin.
Aspirin is administered first to patients suspected of having a myocardial infarction to help reduce clot formation.

Question 2

2. Question 2 of 40
   What is the most appropriate action for an EMT when encountering a patient with significant bleeding from a leg wound?
   A. Apply a tourniquet immediately above the wound.
   B. Elevate the leg and apply pressure with a clean cloth.
   C. Wash the wound thoroughly before bandaging.
   D. Check for a pulse below the wound before taking any action.

Answer 2

Correct Answer: A. Apply a tourniquet immediately above the wound.
If significant bleeding from a leg wound does not stop with direct pressure, a tourniquet may be necessary.

Question 3

3. Question 3 of 40
   In the case of an unresponsive adult with suspected hypoglycemia, what is the best course of action?
   A. Administer oral glucose if the patient can swallow.
   B. Inject glucagon intramuscularly.
   C. Wait for glucose test results before treatment.
   D. Provide high-sugar foods immediately.

Answer 3

Correct Answer: B. Inject glucagon intramuscularly.
For an unresponsive adult with suspected hypoglycemia, injecting glucagon can quickly raise blood sugar levels.

Question 3

4. Question 4 of 40
   How should consent be managed for a conscious adult who refuses care after a vehicle accident?
   A. Treat under implied consent assuming confusion or head injury.
   B. Document the refusal after explaining the risks of not receiving care.
   C. Call law enforcement to enforce treatment.
   D. Transport the patient to the hospital against their will.

Answer 3

Correct Answer: B. Document the refusal after explaining the risks of not receiving care.
If a conscious adult refuses care after an accident, the EMT should document the refusal and clearly communicate the risks involved.

Question 4

5. Question 5 of 40
   What is the proper use of a non-rebreather mask for a patient suffering from severe respiratory distress?
   A. Set the oxygen flow rate to at least 10 L/min.
   B. Ensure the reservoir bag is partially inflated.
   C. Use intermittently to prevent carbon dioxide buildup.
   D. Adjust the strap tightly to secure the mask.

Answer 4

Correct Answer: A. Set the oxygen flow rate to at least 10 L/min.
A non-rebreather mask should be used with a high flow rate to ensure the reservoir bag remains inflated and delivers a high concentration of oxygen.

Question 5

6. Question 6 of 40
   What should an EMT do first when arriving on the scene of a suspected stroke?
   A. Administer oxygen at high flow rates.
   B. Perform a quick neurological assessment using the FAST test.
   C. Prepare for immediate transportation without assessment.
   D. Provide aspirin to thin the blood.

Answer 5

Correct Answer: B. Perform a quick neurological assessment using the FAST test.
The FAST test helps identify stroke symptoms quickly and can guide urgent decision-making for stroke patients.

Question 6

7. Question 7 of 40
   When dealing with a patient experiencing acute allergic reaction with swelling and difficulty breathing, what is the priority?
   A. Administer an antihistamine orally.
   B. Prepare an epinephrine injection.
   C. Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling.
   D. Have the patient sit up to ease breathing.

Answer 6

Correct Answer: B. Prepare an epinephrine injection.
For acute allergic reactions with swelling and breathing difficulty, administering epinephrine promptly is critical.

Question 7

8. Question 8 of 40
   How should an EMT handle a patient who suddenly becomes violent during transport?
   A. Use physical restraints approved by protocols.
   B. Attempt to verbally calm the patient without using restraints.
   C. Stop the ambulance and remove the patient.
   D. Sedate the patient if medication is available.

Answer 7

Correct Answer: A. Use physical restraints approved by protocols.
Using approved physical restraints is necessary if a patient becomes violent during transport to ensure safety.

Question 7

9. Question 9 of 40
   What is the appropriate action if a patient is found with a burn caused by an electrical source?
   A. Immediately touch the patient to assess the severity.
   B. Ensure the power source is disconnected before touching the patient.
   C. Pour cold water over the burn area to cool it down.
   D. Cover the burn with a dry sterile dressing.

Answer 7

Correct Answer: B. Ensure the power source is disconnected before touching the patient.
For electrical burns, it’s crucial to ensure the power source is disconnected to prevent further injury.

Question 8

10. Question 10 of 40
    What steps should be taken for a patient suspected of having a spinal injury after a fall?
    A. Encourage the patient to remain still and not move their head.
    B. Have the patient slowly stand to assess pain and mobility.
    C. Apply a cervical collar and prepare for spine board immobilization.
    D. Perform a thorough range of motion test to check for spinal damage.

Answer 8

Correct Answer: C. Apply a cervical collar and prepare for spine board immobilization.
Immobilization is critical for patients with suspected spinal injuries to prevent further damage.

Question 9

11. Question 11 of 40
    In an emergency involving a child with severe asthma not improving with a standard inhaler, what should be done?
    A. Administer a higher dose of the inhaler medication.
    B. Prepare to administer epinephrine.
    C. Start high-flow oxygen and consider advanced airway management.
    D. Encourage deep breathing exercises to calm the child.

Answer 9

Correct Answer: C. Start high-flow oxygen and consider advanced airway management.
For severe asthma attacks not improving with a standard inhaler, starting high-flow oxygen and preparing for advanced airway management are necessary steps.

Question 10

12. Question 12 of 40
    What is the first aid treatment for a patient bitten by a poisonous snake?
    A. Cut the wound and attempt to suck out the venom.
    B. Apply ice to slow the spread of venom.
    C. Keep the affected limb lower than the heart.
    D. Keep the patient calm and immobile; treat for shock and transport.

Answer 10

Correct Answer: D. Keep the patient calm and immobile; treat for shock and transport.
Keeping a snakebite victim calm and immobile helps slow the spread of venom and is crucial while preparing for transport.

Question 11

13. Question 13 of 40
    How should an EMT approach a patient with severe chest pain and a history of heart problems?
    A. Delay transport until pain subsides.
    B. Provide nitroglycerin and prepare for transport.
    C. Perform an on-scene ECG with available equipment.
    D. Advise the patient to take deep breaths and relax.

Answer 11

Correct Answer: B. Provide nitroglycerin and prepare for transport.
For patients with severe chest pain and a history of heart problems, administering nitroglycerin and preparing for rapid transport can be life-saving.

Question 12

14. Question 14 of 40
    What is the protocol for a patient exhibiting signs of shock?
    A. Keep the patient warm, administer oxygen, and transport rapidly.
    B. Provide large amounts of oral fluids immediately.
    C. Elevate the patient’s legs and wait for advanced life support.
    D. Apply a tourniquet to limbs to concentrate blood flow to vital organs.

Answer 12

Correct Answer: A. Keep the patient warm, administer oxygen, and transport rapidly.
For shock, it’s vital to keep the patient warm, provide supplemental oxygen, and ensure rapid transport to a medical facility.

Question 12

15. Question 15 of 40
    For a patient experiencing a diabetic emergency and unable to swallow, what is the appropriate intervention?
    A. Administer oral glucose gel to the inside of the cheek.
    B. Inject insulin to lower blood sugar.
    C. Provide sugary drinks immediately.
    D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly.

Answer 12

Correct Answer: D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly.
If a diabetic patient is having an emergency and cannot swallow, administering glucagon intramuscularly is an effective way to raise their blood sugar.

Question 13

16. Question 16 of 40
    What is the correct response when treating a patient with severe hypothermia?
    A. Rub the patient’s arms and legs to generate heat.
    B. Immerse the patient in warm water.
    C. Apply warm blankets and use passive rewarming techniques.
    D. Provide hot drinks if the patient is conscious.

Answer 13

Correct Answer: C. Apply warm blankets and use passive rewarming techniques.
For severe hypothermia, using passive rewarming techniques like applying warm blankets helps gradually raise the body temperature.

Question 14

17. Question 17 of 40
    How should an EMT manage a situation where an adult patient is refusing care despite obvious signs of a stroke?
    A. Respect the patient’s wishes and do not treat.
    B. Transport the patient against their will for their safety.
    C. Explain the risks of not receiving care and attempt to persuade.
    D. Wait for family members to arrive and decide.

Answer 14

Correct Answer: C. Explain the risks of not receiving care and attempt to persuade.
When a patient refuses care despite obvious signs of a stroke, it’s important to explain the risks and attempt to persuade them to receive treatment.

Question 15

18. Question 18 of 40
    What action should an EMT take first for a patient experiencing severe abdominal pain?
    A. Administer pain relievers as permitted by local protocol.
    B. Encourage the patient to eat to assess the reaction.
    C. Perform a detailed abdominal assessment including palpation.
    D. Transport the patient promptly while monitoring vital signs.

Answer 15

Correct Answer: D. Transport the patient promptly while monitoring vital signs.
Rapid transport while monitoring vital signs is essential for a patient with severe abdominal pain to receive timely medical evaluation.

Question 15

19. Question 19 of 40
    For a burn victim with burns on the hands and face, what is the priority treatment?
    A. Immediate cooling of the burns with ice.
    B. Cover the burns with moist, sterile dressings.
    C. Ensure that the patient’s airway is protected.
    D. Apply topical antibiotics to prevent infection.

Answer 15

Correct Answer: C. Ensure that the patient’s airway is protected.
For a burn victim, especially with facial burns, ensuring the airway is protected is a top priority.

Question 15

20. Question 20 of 40
    What should be the primary concern when arriving at the scene of a chemical spill with multiple casualties?
    A. Immediate decontamination individuals.
    B. Evacuation of the immediate area.
    C. Assessment of individual injuries without regard to the chemical involved.
    D. Identification of the chemical to tailor specific treatments

Answer 15

Correct Answer: A. Immediate decontamination of all individuals.
Immediate decontamination is critical in a chemical spill scenario to prevent further absorption of hazardous substances and reduce long-term health risks.

Question 16

21. Question 21 of 40
    You respond to a call where a cyclist has suffered a severe arm laceration. The patient is conscious but in shock. What is the first step in management?
    A. Apply direct pressure to the wound.
    B. Assess the patient’s airway and breathing.
    C. Administer pain medication as prescribed.
    D. Call for an immediate air ambulance.

Answer 16

Correct Answer: B. Assess the patient’s airway and breathing.
Ensuring the patient’s airway and breathing are stable is crucial before addressing bleeding, even in cases of shock.

Question 16

22. Question 22 of 40
    A patient is found with a suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Which of the following is the appropriate first response?
    A. Administer flumazenil.
    B. Perform gastric lavage.
    C. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation.
    D. Encourage vomiting to expel the drug.

Answer 16

Correct Answer: C. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation.
The primary concern with any overdose is to ensure the airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and circulation is maintained.

Question 17

23. Question 23 of 40
    During an emergency call for a chest pain patient, what should you check before administering aspirin?
    A. The patient’s temperature.
    B. If the patient has consumed any alcohol.
    C. The patient’s allergy history.
    D. Patient’s previous response to aspirin.

Answer 17

Correct Answer: C. The patient’s allergy history.
Checking for allergies is essential before administering any medication, including aspirin, to prevent allergic reactions.

Question 18

24. Question 24 of 40
    For a patient experiencing acute abdominal pain, which assessment technique should be avoided?
    A. Palpating the abdomen deeply.
    B. Listening for bowel sounds.
    C. Checking for rebound tenderness.
    D. Observing the abdomen for distension.

Answer 18

Correct Answer: A. Palpating the abdomen deeply.
Deep palpation can worsen pain or cause further damage and should be avoided in patients with acute abdominal pain.

Question 19

25. Question 25 of 40
    How should an EMT respond to a patient experiencing a panic attack with hyperventilation?
    A. Instruct the patient to breathe into a paper bag.
    B. Administer oxygen at 5 liters per minute.
    C. Engage in calming conversation and coach slow breathing.
    D. Provide an immediate sedative if within protocol.

Answer 19

Correct Answer: C. Engage in calming conversation and coach slow breathing.
Coaching slow breathing and engaging in calming conversation can help manage a patient’s anxiety and stabilize their breathing during a panic attack.

Question 20

26. Question 26 of 40
    What is the correct course of action for an EMT when a patient has sustained a thermal burn to the hand and is in severe pain?
    A. Cool the burn under running water for 5 minutes.
    B. Immediately apply ice to reduce swelling.
    C. Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage.
    D. Use burn cream before bandaging.

Answer 20

Correct Answer: C. Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage.
Covering a thermal burn with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage protects the burn and reduces the risk of infection.

Question 21

27. Question 27 of 40
    A patient exhibits slurred speech, one-sided facial droop, and arm drift. Which condition is most likely being presented?
    A. Hypoglycemia.
    B. A transient ischemic attack.
    C. Stroke.
    D. Bell’s palsy.

Answer 21

Correct Answer: C. Stroke.
Slurred speech, one-sided facial droop, and arm drift are classic signs of a stroke, requiring immediate medical attention.

Question 22

28. Question 28 of 40
    When encountering a patient with severe dehydration, what is the most important piece of equipment to prepare for immediate use?
    A. Intravenous fluids.
    B. Oral rehydration salts.
    C. Nasogastric tube.
    D. Blood pressure cuff.

Answer 22

Correct Answer: A. Intravenous fluids.
For severe dehydration, preparing intravenous fluids is critical to quickly restore fluid balance and prevent further complications.

Question 22

29. Question 29 of 40
    What should be the EMT’s priority when treating a patient with a suspected pelvic fracture from a fall?
    A. Encourage the patient to walk to assess mobility.
    B. Administer pain medication as allowed.
    C. Immobilize the patient to prevent movement and further injury.
    D. Apply heat to reduce muscle spasms.

Answer 22

Correct Answer: C. Immobilize the patient to prevent movement and further injury.
Immobilization is key in managing a suspected pelvic fracture to avoid aggravating the injury and causing additional pain or damage.

Question 23

30. Question 30 of 40
    If you arrive at a scene where a patient is experiencing severe allergic reaction and has an epinephrine auto-injector prescribed, what is your first action?
    A. Ask the patient to administer the injector themselves.
    B. Administer the epinephrine injector immediately.
    C. Monitor the patient’s breathing and prepare for CPR.
    D. Contact medical direction for permission to use the injector.

Answer 23

Correct Answer: B. Administer the epinephrine injector immediately.
Immediate administration of an epinephrine injector is crucial for a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction to prevent life-threatening complications.

Question 24

31. Question 31 of 40
    A patient with severe chest pain suspects a heart attack and requests nitroglycerin. You should first:
    A. Confirm the prescription with online medical control.
    B. Administer the nitroglycerin immediately without confirmation.
    C. Check the patient’s blood pressure to ensure it is not too low.
    D. Ask if the patient has taken any erectile dysfunction medication in the last 24 hours.

Answer 24

Correct Answer: C. Check the patient’s blood pressure to ensure it is not too low.
Before administering nitroglycerin, it is essential to ensure that the patient’s blood pressure is not too low, as nitroglycerin can cause further hypotension.

Question 25

32. Question 32 of 40
    At the scene of a motor vehicle accident, a patient is bleeding from a deep cut on the forehead. What is the best initial action?
    A. Apply direct pressure to the wound.
    B. Immediately check for a concussion.
    C. Clean the wound with saline solution.
    D. Bandage the wound loosely to absorb the blood.

Answer 25

Correct Answer: A. Apply direct pressure to the wound.
Applying direct pressure is the most effective initial step in controlling significant bleeding from a wound.

Question 26

33. Question 33 of 40
    When treating a patient who is experiencing a severe asthma attack and is not responding to their inhaler, you should:
    A. Lay the patient flat to aid breathing.
    B. Administer high-flow oxygen and prepare for advanced airway management.
    C. Encourage the patient to try to hold their breath intermittently.
    D. Give the patient small amounts of water to help calm them.

Answer 26

Correct Answer: B. Administer high-flow oxygen and prepare for advanced airway management.
For severe asthma attacks not responding to an inhaler, administering high-flow oxygen and preparing for advanced airway management are critical steps.

Question 27

34. Question 34 of 40
    How should an EMT handle a situation where an adult patient is conscious but refusing to speak after a fall?
    A. Assume the patient is fine and does not need further medical attention.
    B. Use passive techniques to determine the extent of any injury.
    C. Transport the patient to the hospital based on the mechanism of injury.
    D. Respect the patient’s right to refuse care and document the situation.

Answer 27

Correct Answer: C. Transport the patient to the hospital based on the mechanism of injury.
If a patient has fallen and refuses to speak, it is important to transport based on the potential for serious injury, despite the lack of verbal communication.

Question 28

35. Question 35 of 40
    For a patient with suspected spinal injury who is found lying on the ground, the priority is to:
    A. Get the patient to stand up to assess mobility.
    B. Leave the patient in place and stabilize the head and neck.
    C. Immediately move the patient to a stretcher.
    D. Perform a thorough assessment including log rolling the patient.

Answer 28

Correct Answer: B. Leave the patient in place and stabilize the head and neck.
For suspected spinal injuries, it is crucial to stabilize the head and neck and avoid moving the patient until further assessments can be made.

Question 29

36. Question 36 of 40
    A patient exhibits symptoms of a severe allergic reaction with hives and difficulty breathing. The first step is to:
    A. Administer an oral antihistamine.
    B. Prepare an epinephrine auto-injector.
    C. Apply a cool compress to the hives.
    D. Assess the patient’s airway and breathing.

Answer 29

Correct Answer: B. Prepare an epinephrine auto-injector.
When a patient exhibits symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, preparing an epinephrine auto-injector is the first and most important step.

Question 30

37. Question 37 of 40
    When you arrive at the scene of a suspected drug overdose, it is essential to first:
    A. Search the patient for additional drugs.
    B. Assess the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation.
    C. Question bystanders about the drug taken.
    D. Administer naloxone without further assessment.

Answer 30

Correct Answer: B. Assess the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation.
In a suspected drug overdose, the first priority is to assess and secure the airway, breathing, and circulation before any other actions.

Question 30

38. Question 38 of 40
    In a mass casualty incident, you find a patient with agonal breathing and a weak pulse. What is your immediate action?
    A. Start CPR immediately.
    B. Mark the patient with a black tag.
    C. Administer supplemental oxygen.
    D. Prioritize the patient for immediate evacuation.

Answer 30

Correct Answer: D. Prioritize the patient for immediate evacuation.
In a mass casualty incident, a patient with agonal breathing and a weak pulse should be prioritized for immediate evacuation due to the life-threatening nature of their condition.

Question 31

39. Question 39 of 40
    What should be done first if a patient has a chemical burn in the eye?
    A. Cover the eye with a sterile dressing.
    B. Rinse the eye with copious amounts of saline or clean water.
    C. Instill anesthetic eye drops to relieve pain.
    D. Measure visual acuity to determine the extent of injury.

Answer 31

Correct Answer: B. Rinse the eye with copious amounts of saline or clean water.
For chemical burns in the eye, immediate and thorough rinsing with saline or clean water is essential to help remove the chemical and minimize damage.

Question 32

40. Question 40 of 40
    A patient is experiencing severe lower back pain after lifting heavy objects. The best initial management includes:
    A. Encouraging the patient to continue activity to loosen up the back.
    B. Applying heat to the area to reduce muscle spasms.
    C. Immobilizing the patient and preparing for transport to the hospital.
    D. Advising the patient to take over-the-counter pain relievers and rest.

Answer 32

Correct Answer: C. Immobilize the patient and prepare for transport to the hospital.
For severe lower back pain after lifting heavy objects, immobilizing the patient and preparing for hospital transport are recommended to prevent further injury.