1˚ TEST Flashcards
- Question 1 of 40
You arrive on scene to find a 42-year-old female complaining of chest pain. Which of the following should you administer first according to ACLS guidelines?
A. Aspirin
B. Nitroglycerin
C. Oxygen
D. Morphine
Correct Answer: A. Aspirin
Early administration of aspirin is recommended for patients with chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction.
- Question 2 of 40
A 58-year-old male is experiencing difficulty breathing and states he has a history of COPD. His oxygen saturation reads 88%. You should:
A. Administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask.
B. Initiate CPAP.
C. Provide oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 LPM.
D. Monitor the patient without intervention unless his condition worsens.
Correct Answer: B. Initiate CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is beneficial for patients with COPD experiencing acute exacerbations.
- Question 3 of 40
In the case of a suspected spinal injury, which device is preferred for immobilization during transport?
A. Scoop stretcher
B. Long backboard
C. Vacuum mattress
D. Soft stretcher
Correct Answer: C. Vacuum mattress
Provides the most effective immobilization for suspected spinal injuries, conforming to the patient’s body.
- Question 4 of 40
You respond to a call for a 30-year-old man who cut his hand with a power saw. Upon arrival, you notice he is holding a bloody towel around his hand. The first step in care would be to:
A. Apply direct pressure over the towel.
B. Remove the towel to inspect the wound.
C. Apply a tourniquet.
D. Check for distal circulation.
Correct Answer: A. Apply direct pressure over the towel.
Direct pressure is the first step in controlling bleeding.
- Question 5 of 40
A patient with suspected hypoglycemia is unconscious. Your next step should be to:
A. Provide oral glucose.
B. Administer intravenous dextrose.
C. Check the patient’s blood sugar level.
D. Administer glucagon injection.
Correct Answer: D. Administer glucagon injection.
For an unconscious hypoglycemic patient, an intramuscular glucagon injection is appropriate when IV access is not immediately available.
- Question 6 of 40
Which of the following is an indication for the use of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?
A. Ingestion of corrosive substances.
B. Ingestion of ethanol.
C. Ingestion of an unknown substance.
D. Ingestion of acetaminophen within the last hour.
Correct Answer: D. Ingestion of acetaminophen within the last hour.
Activated charcoal can adsorb acetaminophen effectively if administered shortly after ingestion.
- Question 7 of 40
When treating a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock, you should:
A. Encourage the patient to drink fluids to stay hydrated.
B. Place the patient in a supine position with legs elevated.
C. Administer high-flow oxygen and transport promptly.
D. Provide abdominal thrusts to reduce pain.
Correct Answer: C. Administer high-flow oxygen and transport promptly.
This is the best approach for managing severe abdominal pain and signs of shock.
- Question 8 of 40
A patient is having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure upon your arrival. What is your initial course of action?
A. Restrain the patient to prevent injury.
B. Position the patient to secure the airway.
C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D. Administer an anticonvulsant medication.
Correct Answer: B. Position the patient to secure the airway.
Protecting the airway and preventing aspiration are priorities during a seizure.
- Question 9 of 40
For a patient experiencing an acute allergic reaction with respiratory distress and hypotension, you should administer:
A. Oral antihistamines.
B. Epinephrine.
C. Albuterol.
D. Corticosteroids.
Correct Answer: B. Epinephrine.
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.
- Question 10 of 40
During triage at a multi-casualty incident, a patient with rapid breathing, pale skin, and delayed capillary refill should be categorized as:
A. Green (Minor)
B. Yellow (Delayed)
C. Red (Immediate)
D. Black (Deceased)
Correct Answer: C. Red (Immediate)
Rapid breathing, pale skin, and delayed capillary refill indicate a need for immediate treatment in triage situations.
- Question 11 of 40
Upon arrival, you find a patient experiencing severe anaphylactic shock. Which medication is most appropriate to administer first?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Albuterol
C. Epinephrine
D. Ipratropium
Correct Answer: C. Epinephrine
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for severe anaphylaxis.
- Question 12 of 40
A 70-year-old female is experiencing acute chest pain. According to protocol, you should administer oxygen if her saturation levels are below:
A. 95%
B. 90%
C. 92%
D. 88%
Correct Answer: C. 92%
Oxygen is typically administered if saturation levels drop below 92%.
- Question 13 of 40
For a patient experiencing a stroke, which of the following assessments is crucial to perform first?
A. Glucose test
B. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
C. Blood pressure measurement
D. Pupil dilation check
Correct Answer: B. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
This assessment helps identify the presence of a stroke.
- Question 14 of 40
What type of consent is necessary for treating a conscious adult who has been in a vehicle accident and is refusing care?
A. Implied consent
B. Expressed consent
C. Informed consent
D. Revoked consent
Correct Answer: B. Expressed consent
Conscious adults must give expressed consent unless they are incapacitated.
- Question 16 of 40
Which piece of equipment is most appropriate for a patient with suspected cervical spine injury?
A. Cervical collar
B. Sager splint
C. KED (Kendrick Extrication Device)
D. Scoop stretcher
Correct Answer: A. Cervical collar
This is essential for stabilizing suspected cervical spine injuries.
- Question 15 of 40
In a pediatric patient with a rapidly progressing rash and difficulty breathing, what is the first line treatment?
A. Corticosteroids
B. Antihistamine
C. Epinephrine
D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: C. Epinephrine
Immediate administration of epinephrine is crucial for severe allergic reactions in pediatric patients.
- Question 17 of 40
During a call involving a construction worker with a nail impaled in his eye, what is your first action?
A. Remove the nail
B. Cover both eyes
C. Administer pain medication
D. Transport immediately without intervention
Correct Answer: B. Cover both eyes
Covering both eyes helps prevent movement of the injured eye.
- Question 18 of 40
A patient with severe thermal burns over 30% of their body requires which fluid for initial treatment?
A. Normal saline
B. Lactated Ringer’s
C. Dextrose in water
D. Colloid solution
Correct Answer: B. Lactated Ringer’s
It is commonly used to treat patients with severe burns to help manage fluid loss.
- Question 19 of 40
You respond to a home where a child has ingested household cleaner. What is the first question you should ask the caregiver?
A. How much was ingested?
B. What is the child’s weight?
C. What type of cleaner was it?
D. Are there any allergies?
Correct Answer: C. What type of cleaner was it?
Identifying the substance is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment.
- Question 20 of 40
When you arrive on the scene of a motorcycle accident, the rider is lying on the ground unresponsive. After ensuring scene safety, your next step is to:
A. Check airway and breathing
B. Remove the helmet
C. Apply a cervical collar
D. Assess for bleeding
Correct Answer: A. Check airway and breathing
This is the first priority in the ABCs of trauma care.
- Question 21 of 40
In an adult patient showing signs of shock with a known allergy to shellfish, which intravenous solution should be used cautiously?
A. Normal saline
B. Dextrose 5% in water
C. Lactated Ringer’s
D. Hetastarch
Correct Answer: C. Lactated Ringer’s
It contains calcium, which can cause adverse reactions in patients with shellfish allergies.
- Question 22 of 40
A 55-year-old male complains of sudden onset of lower leg pain with no apparent injury. What condition should be high on your differential diagnosis list?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Acute arterial occlusion
C. Muscle strain
D. Baker’s cyst
Correct Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis
Sudden leg pain without injury could indicate a DVT, which is a medical emergency.
- Question 23 of 40
For a patient exhibiting signs of hypothermia, what is the most effective method of rewarming?
A. Active external rewarming
B. Passive external rewarming
C. Active internal rewarming
D. Application of heat packs to extremities
Correct Answer: B. Passive external rewarming
This is recommended for hypothermia to gradually increase the patient’s core temperature.
- Question 24 of 40
You are treating a patient with a suspected overdose of prescription medications. Which assessment tool is most appropriate to determine the patient’s level of consciousness?
A. Glasgow Coma Scale
B. Pupillary light reflex
C. AVPU scale
D. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
Correct Answer: A. Glasgow Coma Scale
It provides a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a patient.
- Question 25 of 40
What is the most appropriate response for a patient who has ingested a caustic substance and is vomiting?
A. Administer activated charcoal
B. Induce further vomiting to clear the stomach
C. Give milk or water to dilute the substance
D. Avoid oral fluids and transport immediately
Correct Answer: D. Avoid oral fluids and transport immediately
Oral fluids can worsen the condition of a patient who has ingested a caustic substance.
- Question 26 of 40
You arrive at the scene of an accident where a patient is trapped in a vehicle, bleeding profusely from a head wound. What type of consent applies here if the patient is unconscious?
A. Implied consent
B. Expressed consent
C. Informed consent
D. Unconditional consent
Correct Answer: A. Implied consent
In emergency situations where a patient is unconscious and unable to give explicit consent, implied consent is assumed to provide lifesaving care.
- Question 27 of 40
A patient experiencing a diabetic emergency with a blood glucose reading of 48 mg/dL needs immediate administration of:
A. Oral glucose
B. Subcutaneous insulin
C. Intravenous saline
D. An intramuscular glucagon injection
Correct Answer: D. An intramuscular glucagon injection
For a conscious patient unable to ingest oral glucose due to a severe hypoglycemic state, intramuscular glucagon is appropriate.
- Question 28 of 40
For a 4-year-old child who has a high fever and stiff neck, what is the best course of action?
A. Wait for advanced life support (ALS)
B. Transport immediately while monitoring vital signs
C. Administer an antipyretic and reassess
D. Provide fluid hydration orally
Correct Answer: B. Transport immediately while monitoring vital signs
A high fever and stiff neck in a child could be signs of meningitis, a medical emergency requiring immediate transport.
- Question 29 of 40
When treating a patient with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning, what is the first and most effective treatment?
A. Administer high-flow oxygen
B. Perform endotracheal intubation
C. Use a bag-valve mask with room air
D. Initiate hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: A. Administer high-flow oxygen
Oxygen is the first-line treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning to help displace CO from hemoglobin.
- Question 30 of 40
You are called to a scene for a patient with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. What is the first step in managing this patient?
A. Apply direct pressure to the wound
B. Assess for an exit wound
C. Initiate rapid transport
D. Provide pain relief medication
Correct Answer: A. Apply direct pressure to the wound
Initial care for a gunshot wound to the abdomen involves controlling external bleeding with direct pressure.
- Question 31 of 40
In a mass casualty incident, you find a patient with rapid, shallow breathing and a weak pulse. According to START triage guidelines, this patient should be categorized as:
A. Green
B. Yellow
C. Red
D. Black
Correct Answer: C. Red
Rapid, shallow breathing and a weak pulse are signs of life-threatening conditions, necessitating immediate intervention.
- Question 32 of 40
Which of the following is a priority in the care of a patient with a suspected stroke?
A. Transport to a stroke center
B. Blood glucose level testing
C. Administration of aspirin
D. Taking a detailed medical history
Correct Answer: A. Transport to a stroke center
Immediate transport to a facility capable of treating acute strokes is critical for potential life-saving interventions.
- Question 33 of 40
For an adult patient experiencing an asthma attack and difficulty speaking in full sentences, you should:
A. Encourage deep breathing exercises
B. Administer a bronchodilator via a nebulizer
C. Provide reassurance and monitor blood oxygen levels
D. Initiate CPAP immediately
Correct Answer: B. Administer a bronchodilator via a nebulizer
For an asthma attack where the patient struggles to speak, a bronchodilator is the quickest way to relieve airway constriction.
- Question 35 of 40
A patient presents with severe allergic reaction and angioedema. Which medication is essential to administer as soon as possible?
A. Corticosteroids
B. Epinephrine
C. Antihistamines
D. Albuterol
Correct Answer: B. Epinephrine
Epinephrine is essential for treating severe allergic reactions, especially with symptoms like angioedema, as it combats multiple pathways of the allergic response effectively.
- Question 34 of 40
The protocol for a suspected opiate overdose includes the administration of:
A. Naloxone
B. Epinephrine
C. Diazepam
D. Activated charcoal
Correct Answer: A. Naloxone
Naloxone is the antidote for opiate overdoses, reversing the effects rapidly.
- Question 36 of 40
You arrive at a scene where a patient is experiencing severe chest pain. What is the first medication you should consider administering if not contraindicated?
A. Aspirin
B. Nitroglycerin
C. Ibuprofen
D. Acetaminophen
Correct Answer: A. Aspirin
Aspirin is typically administered first for patients experiencing chest pain suspected to be of cardiac origin due to its antiplatelet effects, which can help reduce clot formation.
- Question 37 of 40
A patient is found unconscious with a suspected opioid overdose. Which of the following should you administer immediately?
A. Oral glucose
B. Naloxone
C. Epinephrine
D. Aspirin
Correct Answer: B. Naloxone
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that should be administered immediately in cases of suspected opioid overdose to reverse the effects of the opioid.
- Question 38 of 40
You respond to a call for a child with a barking cough and stridor at rest. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Croup
D. Epiglottitis
Correct Answer: C. Croup
The symptoms of a barking cough and stridor at rest are characteristic of croup, a common pediatric airway condition.
- Question 39 of 40
In the event of a suspected spinal injury, what is the best method to open the airway?
A. Head tilt-chin lift
B. Jaw-thrust maneuver
C. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
D. Bag-valve mask with cervical collar
Correct Answer: B. Jaw-thrust maneuver
For patients with suspected spinal injuries, the jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway without moving the spine, reducing the risk of further spinal injury.
- Question 40 of 40
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is breathing rapidly and appears cyanotic. Which device is most appropriate to deliver oxygen?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Non-rebreather mask
C. Simple face mask
D. Venturi mask
Correct Answer: D. Venturi mask
A Venturi mask is most appropriate for patients with COPD who need precise oxygen delivery to avoid worsening hypercapnia, a common issue in COPD exacerbations.
