4. Structure Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards
What are the organelles in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Lysomes
Nucleus ( nucleus envelope,nucleus pores, chromosomes. )
Cell wall
Cell vaculole
Chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus/Golgi vesticles
What is the structure and function of plasma membrane?
surrounds outside of the cell, made of phospholipid bilayer and proteins. Some cells may have folded cell membrane to make microvilli to increase SA.
Controls what enters/exits cell.
What is the structure snd function of the nucleus?
Nucleus:
Contains:
- Nuclear envelope- around outside that is double membrane.
- Nuclear pores - through envelope allows RNA to exit nucleus. -Chromosomes- made from chromatin (DNA wrapped around histones) which contains code for protein synthesis.
Stores genetic info to produce proteins and controls cell activity.
What does the nucleus contain?
Nuclear envelope- around outside that is double membrane.
Nuclear pores - through envelope allows RNA to exit nucleus.
Chromosomes- made from chromatin (DNA wrapped around histones) which contains code for protein synthesis.
What is the structure and function of mitochondria?
has double membrane, the inner membrane is folded into cristae. Fluid filled region (matrix). Contains own circular DNA and smaller ribosomes.
Site of aerobic respiration. Synthesis ATP, protein synthesis and movement of vesicle. Releases energy.
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
has double outer membrane, contains own circular DNA and smaller ribosomes, fluid filled region (stroma), contain starch grains to store alpha glucose and made up of stacks thylakoid membranes (grana) that contains chlorophyll pigments.
Site of photosynthesis in plants/algae.
Ehat is the structure snd function of Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles?
apparatus made from flattened layers of membrane bound sacs (cisternae) and associated vesicles.
Modifies and processes triglycerides (combining them with protein and packages them for release from cell via exocytosis). Forms glycoproteins (join sugars to polypeptides). Form vesticles to secrete proteins/glycoproteins out cell via plasma membrane. Form lysomes.
What is the structure and function of lysomes?
small round membrane bound organelles
Release hydrolytic enzymes when fuse with vesicle/phagosome. Remove dead/worn out organelles
What is the structure and function of ribosomes?
made of ribosomal RNA and proteins in nucleolus ( forms 2 subunits).
Site translation, part protein synthesis.
What is the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
flattened sacs of membrane stacked together with ribosomes attached.
Site protein synthesis
What is the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
flattened sacs of membrane stacked together.
Synthesises lipids (e.g. cholesterol/ steroid hormones). Detoxification of toxins.
Whats the structure and function of the cell wall?
in plants/algae made of cellulose. In fungi made of chitin
Give structural support to cell, prevent change of shape.
What is the structure and function of a cell vacuole?
plant cells have large permanent central vacuole
Store cell sap, maintain structural support.
