4. Sexual Slection

Question 1

Maladapted Traits

Answer 1

A trait which is seemingly detrimental to fitness

- Peacock

Question 2

Adaptation to Maladapted traits

Answer 2

Sea turtles chasing light (moonlight)

- Now buildings draw them in-land drying them to death

Question 3

Sexual Selection

Answer 3

The mate preferences of one, or both, sexes driving the selection
Reproductive ability depends on this

Question 4

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 4

The difference in appearance between females and males of the same species

Question 5

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Answer 5

Differences of biological sexes directly related to reproduction

Question 6

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Answer 6

Traits which give an organism an advantage over its rivals in sexual selection, but are not required for sexual reproduction

Question 7

Intrasexual Selection

Answer 7

Competition between two members of the same sex for the opposite sex
- Usually male fight over female

Question 8

Common sexual dimorphism in intrasexual selection

Answer 8

• Male larger than female
• Male similar color to females
• Males have sexual ornaments likely used for fighting
  other males
  
  • Antlers
  • Fighting spurs

Question 9

Mate-guarding

Answer 9

One mate guards the other from members of the opposite sex

Question 10

Epigamic Selection (Intersexual Selection)

Answer 10

Selective pressure from the member of one sex having complete choice over a mate of the opposite sex
- Most common sexual selection in monogamous pairs

Question 11

Monogamous

Answer 11

Only one partner for reproduction

Question 12

Female choice

Answer 12

Mostly females choose male

- High investment in making egg and pregnancy

Question 13

Bateman’s principle

Answer 13

The sex which invests the most in producing offspring will become a limiting resource over which the other sex competes

Question 14

Sexual dimorphism in epigamic selection

• Males help raise
• Males do not help raise

Answer 14

• Extreme ornamentation of male / Females are often larger in size
• Both sexes are often the same color / Difficult to tell apart the sexes

Question 15

Fisherian Runaway Selection

Answer 15

1. Female prefer a secondary sexual characteristic in mate
2. Female selects that mate then passes that secondary character to male offspring
3. genetic trait in daughters to desire that secondary characteristic
4. positive feedback

Question 16

Sexy Son Hypothesis

Answer 16

Females choose attractive mates so the offspring will be better to attract mates

Question 17

Handicap Hypothesis

Answer 17

Extreme secondary sexual characteristics demonstrate the ability of the individual to survive even with the extreme waste of resource - “handicapping itself”

Question 18

Beauty Hypothesis

Answer 18

They like it cuz it’s pretty

Question 19

Pre-existing Female bias hypothesis

Answer 19

Females generally prefer certain traits over others - genetically

Question 20

Mating by Subterfuge

Answer 20

Males tricking females to get close enough to mate

* usually female mimicry

Question 21

Sperm Competition

Answer 21

Sperm competes

Question 22

Copulatory Plug

Answer 22

A copulatory plug is left inside female to prevent further mating

Question 23

Seminal fluid

Answer 23

Special fluid kills other sperms

Question 24

Cuckoldry

Answer 24

Only in Monogamous species

One or both sex cheat on the other