4: Seeds, Seedlings, & Angiosperm Life Cycles Flashcards
Define coleoptile
a protective sheath that protects leaves as they push through the soil
Define coleorhiza
coating around root tissue that protects t he root to push through the seed coating
Define cotyledon
the embryo leaves or seed leaves that store nutrients for the immature seed
Primary root vs. adventitious roots
Primary root is the main root that comes out of the seed into the soil
Adventitious roots are roots that grow off the stem
Primary root vs. adventitious roots
Primary root is the main root that comes out of the seed into the soil
Adventitious roots are roots that grow off the stem
Primary (radicle) root vs. adventitious roots
Primary root is the main root that comes out of the seed into the soil
Adventitious roots are roots that grow off the stem
What kind of cell division is meiosis and how many of what kind of cell does it create?
Meiosis is the cell division involved with sexual reproduction. Meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid cells called gametes
T or F: Meiosis produces haploid cells from a diploid cell? why/why not?
TRUE. One mother diploid cell undergoes meiosis to produce 4 genetically unique haploid cells (gametes)
Explain how meiosis relates to genetic diversity? What are the two main processes involved in meiosis that account for this?
Meiosis is the cell division type that is involved with sexual reproduction and sexual reproduction is responsible for genetic diversity. This is because meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid daughter cells from a diploid mother cell.
Within meiosis, the processes of independent assortment and crossing over occur and these are the reasons for the genetic uniqueness of the daughter cells
Describe independent assortment and which cell division type is it involved in?
This step occurs in meiosis when the duplicated pairs of chromosomes align in the centre in any order, they will then separate to the poles of the cell and it will change the combination of mother/father chromosomes before division.
Describe crossing over and which cell type is it involved in?
This step occurs in meiosis when the chromosomes twist together and wrap around, breaking some genes off the mother and father chromosomes to exchange them onto the other
How many full divisions occurs on meiosis?
two divisions including the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
How many full divisions occurs on meiosis?
two divisions including the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What does “n” refer to?
the number of chromosomes
Define diploid cells
2n. Has the full 46 chromosomes (half from mom and half from dad). These are SOMATIC CELLS
Define haploid (1n or n) cells
They have one set of chromosomes per cell = total 23 chromosomes
Sex cells
What kind of cell division is mitosis and how many of what kind of cells does it produce?
Mitosis is a cell division of somatic cells that produces two genetically identical diploid cells to BUILD TISSUES
What is the purpose of mitotic cell division?
Mitosis copies body/somatic cells to function in the growth and development and the maintenance of body tissues.
Which phase of mitosis occupies 90% of the cell’s existence? What occurs in this phase?
Interphase - in between divisions. This is when the cell performs their functions
Define megaspores
SEEDS. Female plants produce these
Define microspores
POLLEN GRAINS. Male plants produce these
Where does meiosis occur in a female plant?
in the ovule of the pistil
Where does meiosis occur in a male plant?
In the anther of the stamen
What does alternation of generations mean?
An angiosperm plant lifecycle goes through two unique stages. 1 is the diploid stage and the 2nd is the haploid stages.
