4 RESISTANCE EXERCISE Flashcards
WHAT IS RESISTANCE EXERCISE?
The modality assists patients and clients with gaining strength, power and endurance and improving function.
MUSCLE STRENGTH
Ability of the muscle/ group to produce tension and resulting force in one maximal effort.
MUSCLE POWER
Rate of performing muscle contractions over a distance for a specific time.
MUSCLE ENDURANCE
The ability of the muscle/group to sustain the contraction repeatedly over some time.
TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS (3)
Isometric (constant length)
Isotonic (constant tension)
Isokinetic (constant speed)
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
Static movement, generate tension, no change in muscle length or join angle.
ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
Concentric: shortening contraction.
Eccentric: lengthening contraction.
ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION
Dynamic movement, muscle contracts at a fixed speed with resistance.
PURPOSE OF EXERCISE
Increase strength, endurance, power, and aerobic fitness.
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS:
A. FACTORS AFFECTING STRENGTH OF MUSCLE
- Cross-sectional size of muscle.
- Length-tension relationship.
- Recruitment of motor units.
- Type of muscle contraction.
- Speed of contraction.
- Motivation of the client.
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS:
B. OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE
To strengthen a muscle, it must be stressed beyond its metabolic capacity.
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS:
C. ENDURANCE
Ability to produce repeated contractions.
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS:
E. EXERCISE TRAINING PRINCIPLES
Dosage: specific to patient goals.
Method.
Repetitions.
Sets.
Duration.
Frequency.
Volume.
Rest intervals.
Intensity.
Specificity
OPEN KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE
Activities/exercises that are performed when the distal end is free to move.
CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE
Activities/exercises that require the distal end to be fixed.
MUSCLE GRADING
Normal 5: full ROM against gravity, strong resistance.
Good 4: full ROM against, moderate resistance.
Fair 3: full ROM against gravity, no resistance.
Poor 2: full ROM gravity eliminated, no resistance.
Trace 1: no movement, palpable muscle contraction.
Zero 0: no palpable muscle contraction.
TYPES OF RESISTANCE (2)
Manual: resistance by provider.
Mechanical: uses of equipment or machines.
PRECAUTIONS FOR RESISTIVE EXERCISE
- Cardiovascular.
- Fatigue.
- Recovery form fatigue.
- Overwork.
- Osteoporosis.
- Substitute motions (cheating)
- Muscle soreness associated with exercise.
DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
More pronounced after eccentric exercise, or a new exercise.
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO ISOTONIC EXERCISE
Post surgery.
Fracture.
Inflammation of muscle or joint.
Pain.
PNF
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation.
Maximal demands to obtain maximum potential.
UE PNF PATTERNS
D1 Flexion: hand by side going across body upwards. \
D1 Extension: hand starts across the body upwards, then pushing down across to the side again. \
D2 Flexion: pulling a sword. /
D2 Extension: putting sword back on hip. /
