10 GAIT Flashcards
GAIT
Dynamic posture.
Style of walking.
GAIT FUNDAMENTALS
Hold the weight of the head, arms, trunk and 1 leg on the stance leg.
Swing 1 leg forward.
Maintain oneself in an upright position against gravity with good balance.
GAIT ASSESSMENT
Qualitative:
Observe in different planes.
Quality of step length.
Large or small BOS.
Speed.
Equal/unequal WB.
Description of pattern.
Flat without heel strike.
Quantitative:
Speed: distance/min, steps/min
Step length.
Muscle activity (EMG).
Videotaping; 3d Gait Analysis.
Pressure sensors.
GAIT CYCLE
A heel of 1-foot contacts the ground and ends when the same heel contacts the ground again.
STANCE PHASE (5)
60% of the gait cycle.
- Initial contact: heel strike.
- Loading response: foot flat.
- Midstance: tallest phase.
- Terminal stance: heel off.
Single support phase. - Pre-swing: toe off.
Double-support period.
SWING PHASE (3)
40% of the gait cycle.
- Initial swing: acceleration.
- Midswing:
- Terminal swing: deceleration.
DOUBLE SUPPORT
20% overlaps with the two phases.
Decreases with increased speed.
Running is 0%.
STEP VS STRIDE
Step: heel strike of 1 foot until heel strike of the other foot.
Stride: 2 steps, heel strike of R foot until heel strike of R foot again.
TRUNK ACTIVITY
As the leg swings forward, the pelvis rotates with it as does the thorax on the opposite side.
Arms swing rhythmically opposite the legs.
Movements of the thorax and arms counterbalance the movements of the pelvis and legs.
HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT
Pelvis movement from side to side:
1 –2 inches.
GAIT DEVIATIONS DUE TO MUSCLE WEAKNESS/PARALYSIS (11)
Gluteus maximus gait.
Gluteus medius gait/Trendelenburg gait.
Pronated gait.
Quadricep weakness.
Dorsiflexion weakness.
Hip flexion contracture.
Vaulting gait.
Circumducted gait.
Hemiplegic gait.
Parkinsonian gait.
Scissors gait.
