4. Recovery programmes in diseases of horses

Question 1

Glanders:

Answer 1

Burkholderia mallei
Reportable
Acute pulmonary form - nodules in upper RT
Chronic cutaneous form (Farcy)
No treatment, no vaccine, zoonotic
Early diagnosis in endemic areas
Eliminate positive cases
Safe disposal of carcass
Surveillance
In apparent free zones: animal should have a certificate stating that animal has been free of disease signs for 6 months

Question 2

African horse sickness:

Answer 2

Orbivirus, Reoviridae; 9 serotypes
Transmitted by vectors (biting midges, culicoides)
Affinity to reticuloendothelial cells and endothelium - vascular and pulmonary damage
If animal recovers, has immunity to only that serotype
Affected horse is euthanized and polyvalent vaccine given to others
Vector control and disinfection
Strict quarantine and movement control

Question 3

West Nile Fever:

Answer 3

West Nile Virus, Flaviviridae
All northern hemisphere, vector is mosquito
Birds are considered reservoir
Surveillance carried out on migratory birds and horses in endemic areas
Vector control and vaccination

Question 4

Equine influenza:

Answer 4

Influenza A, Orthomyxoviridae
Hygiene and sanitation - main nodes of prevention along with vaccination from aearly age and carried through life
Separation of sick animals

Question 5

Equine herpes virus:

Answer 5

EHV-1 = abortion
EHV-3 = coital exanthema
EHV-4 = rhinopneumonitis
Infected animals are latent for life, remove/isolate from the rest of the herd
combined vaccination for EHV1 and 4
no specific treatment, minimize chance for secondary infection with ATB and antipyrethroids