1. Recovery programs in infectious diseases in cattle

Question 1

Foot and Mouth disease:

Answer 1

Aphtovirus, Picornaviridae
Strategy:
destruction of all infected, suspected or contact animals
appropriate disposal of carcass, animal products, bedding
surveillance and tracing
strict quarantine procedures
movement control
thourough disinfectant aroudn foci - 3km, perifocal - 10 km

Farm recommendations:
notifiable
no treatment
early detection
control of animal introduction and people with access to animals
maintain sanitation

Question 2

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy:

Answer 2

Prion disease
IP: 2-8 years
Doesn’t react to disinfectant and heat
Strategy:
notifiable
identify neurological signs
slaughter affected animals
appropriate disposal of carcasses & items
screening of all animals over 30 months
do not feed food of animal origin
safe disposal of specific risk material at slaughterhouses
closed herds, close surveillance in areas of known incidence

Question 3

Bovine tuberculosis:

Answer 3

Mycobacterium bovis, tuberculosis
Tuberculin testing - 72 hours
Disease eradication program (all pos/sus animals are slaughtered)
Post mortem inspection of carcasses to check for organ lesions or caseous material in lymph nodes
Closed herd system and animal movement control
Milk pasteurization
Vaccines not used

Question 4

Bovine brucellosis:

Answer 4

Brucella abortus, melitensis (gram neg.)
Cause placentitis and abortions in females, orchitis and epididymitis in males
No treatment
Continuous monitoring and surveillance
Serological tests (CFT, boyas method)
Milk tests (milk ring, rose bengal)
Elimination method - seropositive animals excluded
Radical method - slaughter of all animals
Cleaning and disinfection
Vaccination only in endemic areas

Question 5

Anthrax:

Answer 5

Bacillus anthracis
Encapsulated and spore forming
Vascular damage due to affinity to endothelial cells
Blood from orifices, dyspnoe, subcutaneous oedema in head&neck, short or no rigor mortis
ATB is effective IF given in TIME
Notifiable disease
Do not open carcass in field
Remove and dispose contaminated soil and surroundings
Incineration is imperative
Strict quarantine
Vaccination in endemic areas