4 pt. 1 Flashcards
______
- study of the origin and meaning of ethical concepts
Metaethics
2 Main Issues in Metaethics:
Metaphysical Issues
Psychological Issues
______ goes beyond right or wrong. It emphasizes on the origin and reasoning of our moral values.
Metaethics
Metaphysical Issues
Are my morals ______ or just ______?
objective, human invention
Metaphysical Issues Views:
Objectivism/Other-Worldly View
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- sometimes referred to as “voluntarism” (or Divine Worldly Theory) wherein morals aren’t created by humans
Objectivism/Other-Worldly View
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- states that morality exists independently of humans
Objectivism/Other-Worldly View
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- morals are absolute, eternal, unchangeable, universal as long as it applies to all rational creatures around the world and throughout time
Objectivism/Other-Worldly View
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- Example: Stealing, killing, cheating, etc are considered universal. Most famous example is The Golden Rule
Objectivism/Other-Worldly View
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- argues that morals are strictly human inventions
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
Metaphysical Issues Views
______
- classified further into individual and cultural relativism
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
Metaphysical Issues Views
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
______
- A person decides what is right or wrong.
Individual Relativism
Metaphysical Issues Views
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
______
- example: What’s right for you may be wrong for me.
Individual Relativism
Metaphysical Issues Views
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
______
- moral values depend on society’s values, beliefs, customs, etc
Cultural Relativism
Metaphysical Issues Views
Moral Relativism (This-Worldly View)
______
- example: arranged marriage
Cultural Relativism
Psychological Issues
Why do we act ______?
morally
Psychological Issues:
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
Emotion vs Reason
Male vs Female Morality
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- human actions motivated by self-oriented interests
Psychological Egoism
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- Example: With the National Elections in a few months, candidates distribute food packs not as an act of generosity but for their personal gain and image.
Psychological Egoism
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- human actions motivated by pleasure
Psychological Hedonism
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- Example: premarital sex for someone is not wrong because it gives pleasure
Psychological Hedonism
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- human actions motivated by benevolence
Psychological Altruism
Psychological Issues
Egoism & Pleasure & Benevolence
______
- Example: John looks after his sick friend, Rendio, because he genuinely cares for him. He does not expect anything in return.
Psychological Altruism
Psychological Issues
Emotion vs Reason
______
- morality comes from our feelings, not reason
Emotion
