3

Question 1

______ involve evaluating the rightness or wrongness of public policy or personal behavior.

Answer 1

Ethical issues

Question 2

Ethical issues
• Actions affecting others have ethical dimensions (______), while some focus on self-directed conduct (______).

Answer 2

social ethics, personal ethics

Question 3

______ require choosing between alternatives judged as right or wrong.

Answer 3

Ethical issues

Question 4

______
• Topics like gun control, immigration, equality, and free speech often provoke strong opinions.

Answer 4

Public Ethical Debates

Question 5

Public Ethical Debates
• Discussions vary from ______ arguments to ______ and ______ reasoning.

Answer 5

well-supported, biased, fallacious

Question 6

Role of Critical Thinkers
• Promote ______, ______ discourse.

Answer 6

civil, respectful

Question 7

Role of Critical Thinkers
• Build ______ through clear, structured arguments.

Answer 7

understanding

Question 8

Role of Critical Thinkers
• Avoid ______ and ______ to foster productive dialogue.

Answer 8

name-calling, fallacies

Question 9

______
• Support claims with well-structured arguments.

Answer 9

Constructive Ethical Discussions

Question 10

______
• Encourage others to challenge your reasoning with valid counterpoints.

Answer 10

Constructive Ethical Discussions

Question 11

______
• Open-mindedness and rational reassessment are key.

Answer 11

Constructive Ethical Discussions

Question 12

Evaluating Ethical Positions
• Do not dismiss ______ views without ______.

Answer 12

opposing, analysis

Question 13

Evaluating Ethical Positions
• Identify ______ in facts or reasoning before rejecting conclusions.

Answer 13

errors

Question 14

Benefits of Ethical Critical Thinking:

Answer 14

• Reduces emotional bias.
• Encourages reasoning based on facts rather than assumptions.
• Enhances public debate and conflict resolution.

Question 15

______ are a specific type of value judgment that deal with moral evaluations. While all value judgments assess what is correct, superior, or preferable, ethical judgments specifically focus on moral dimensions.

Answer 15

Ethical judgments

Question 16

Ethical Judgment specifically evaluate:

Answer 16

• Whether actions are morally right or wrong
• Whether motives are morally good or bad
• What someone “should” or “ought to” do from a moral perspective

Question 17

Types of Judgments:

Answer 17

Ethical Value Judgments
Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 18

Types of Judgments

______
• Evaluate moral rightness or wrongness of actions

Answer 18

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 19

Types of Judgments

______
• Assess whether motives are morally good or bad

Answer 19

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 20

Types of Judgments

______
• Prescribe what people “should” or “ought to” do morally

Answer 20

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 21

Types of Judgments

______
• Ex: “That was a good action because it showed compassion”

Answer 21

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 22

Types of Judgments

______
• Ex: “She should help others because it’s the right thing to do”

Answer 22

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 23

Types of Judgments

______
• Focus on practical or functional qualities

Answer 23

Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 24

Types of Judgments

______
• Evaluate things based on their purpose or effectiveness

Answer 24

Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 25

Types of Judgments ______ • Make recommendations based on practical goals

Answer 25

Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 26

Types of Judgments ______ • Ex: “That's a good car because it's fuel-efficient”

Answer 26

Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 27

Types of Judgments ______ • “You should take this route because it's faster”

Answer 27

Non-Ethical Value Judgments

Question 28

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? Evaluate moral rightness or wrongness of actions

Answer 28

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 29

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? Based on Morals and Ethics

Answer 29

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 30

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? MORAL JUDGMENT “Being honest in exams is good because it's ethical”

Answer 30

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 31

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? MORALITY-BASED “A good person is honest”

Answer 31

Ethical Value Judgments

Question 32

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? Focus on practical or functional qualities

Answer 32

Non- Ethical Value Judgments

Question 33

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? Based on function, purpose, and effectiveness

Answer 33

Non- Ethical Value Judgments

Question 34

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? PRACTICAL JUDGMENT “Studying hard is good for getting high grades”

Answer 34

Non- Ethical Value Judgments

Question 35

Ethical Value Judgments or Non- Ethical Value Judgments? PURPOSE-BASED "A good knife is sharp"

Answer 35

Non- Ethical Value Judgments

Question 36

______ are arguments whose conclusion makes an ethical judgement when supported by ethical reasoning and principles, and often show an action to be either ethical or unethical.

Answer 36

Ethical arguments

Question 37

What type of argument? Ethical reasoning and principles

Answer 37

Ethical Arguements

Question 38

What type of argument? Deals with right or wrong, ethical or not, morality

Answer 38

Ethical Arguements

Question 39

What type of argument? Economic or practical reasoning

Answer 39

Economical Arguments

Question 40

What type of argument? Non-moral concerns

Answer 40

Economical Arguments

Question 41

Ethical argument or no? “It disrespects life”

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

Ethical argument or no? “Cruel actions are wrong”

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

Ethical argument or no? “It is a just punishment”

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

Ethical argument or no? “It saves us money”

Answer 44

no

Question 45

Ethical argument or no? "It prevents overcrowding in prisons"

Answer 45

no

Question 46

______ term for a situation in which a person faces an ethically problematic situation and is not sure of what she ought to do.

Answer 46

Ethical dilemma

Question 47

______ • Pulled in opposing directions by ethical demands and values, they may feel an unavoidable sense of guilt or blame.

Answer 47

Ethical dilemma

Question 48

______ are fundamentally a clash of values. We may experience a sense of frustration trying to figure out what the ‘right’ thing to do is because any available course of action violates some value that we are dedicated to.

Answer 48

Ethical dilemmas

Question 49

Recognizing key ______ helps clarify ethical dilemmas.

Answer 49

values

Question 50

Understanding underlying values sharpens ______.

Answer 50

decision-making

Question 51

"______" as a verb shapes ethical choices.

Answer 51

Value

Question 52

What we ______ influences our actions and outcomes.

Answer 52

prioritize

Question 53

Differentiating between values impacts ______.

Answer 53

decision-making

Question 54

Choosing what ______ determines the right course of action

Answer 54

matters