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Pass The PSA > 4. Planning Management > Flashcards

4. Planning Management Flashcards

1
Q

How do you manage fever?

A

Treat cause
Paracetamol

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2
Q

What kind of laxatives are the following…
Docusate
Isphagula husk
Lactulose
Senna+ Bisacodyl

A

Docusate: Stool softener
Isphagula husk: bulking agents
Lactulose: osmotic laxative
Senna+ Bisacodyl: stimulant

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3
Q

What laxatives should be avoided in acute abdomen?

A

Stimulants and osmotics

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4
Q

What laxatives are good for faecal impaction?

A

Docusate (stool softener)

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5
Q

What can you give for diarrhoea?

A

Exclude infective causes
Give loperamide 2mg OR codeine 30mg

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6
Q

How do you manage…
STEMI
NSTEMI
Acute LVF

A
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7
Q

How do you manage a tachy that is unstable?

A
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8
Q

How do you manage a tachy that is stable and broad?

A
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9
Q

How do you manage a tachy that is stable and narrow?

A
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10
Q

How do you manage anaphylaxis?

A
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11
Q

How do you manage an acute asthma exacerbation?

A
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12
Q

How do you manage a pneumothorax?

A

tension: emergency aspiration + chest drain
Secondary: aspiration + chest drain (if >2cm/SOB/>50 years)

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13
Q

How do you manage an acute pneumonia?

A
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14
Q

How do you manage an acute PE?

A
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15
Q

How do you manage an acute GI bleed

A
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16
Q

How do you manage bacterial meningitis?

A
17
Q

How do you manage a seizure?

A
18
Q

How do you manage a stroke?

A
19
Q

How do you distinguish between DKA and HONK?
How do you manage both cases of hyperglycaemia?

A

DKA // HONK
Ketones present // absent
raised pH // osmolality over 340mmol/L (2(Na+K) + urea + glucose)

20
Q

How to manage hypoglycaemia?

A

Oral intake: sugary drink or biscuit
No oral but IV: 100ml 20% glucose
No oral or IV: IM glucagon 1mg

21
Q

How do you diagnose an AKI?

A
22
Q

How do you manage an AKI?

A
23
Q

When do you treat hypertension?
What are the target values?

A

If BP >150/95mmHg OR
If >135/85 + the following:
- Q-risk >10% or existing CV disease
- End organ damage
–> Under 80: 135/85 ABPM or 140/90mmHg
–> over 80: +10 to above systolic values

24
Q

How do you treat HTN?

A
25
Q

When is rhythm control given first in AF

A

If the AF is…
Reversible
Onset < 48 hours
Causing HF
Symptomatic on rate

26
Q

Outline rhythm control in AF

A

Initial
<48 hours/unstable: Cardioversion
Pharmacological: flecainide/amiodarone
Electrical: Defibrillation

Long-term
1. B-blockers
2. Dronendarone if successful DC
3. Amiodarone if HF/LVD

27
Q

Outline rate control in AF

A
  1. Atenolol 50-100mg daily
  2. CCB if no heart failure
  3. Digoxin if sedentary
28
Q

How is stroke management determined in AF?

A

Congestive HF
HTN
Age > 75
Diabetes
Stroke/TIA
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex (female)

29
Q

If CHADSVAS >=1 what is given for AF?

A

NOACs
Warfarin if NOACs dont work

30
Q

How do you manage Diabetes mellitus?

A

T1DM: Insulin
T2DM:
1. Metformin 500mg
2. + gliptin/sulfonylurea/SGLT-2I/pioglitazone
3. + another of above drugs
4. Metformin + sulfonylurea + GLP-1 mimetic

31
Q

COPD management?

A
32
Q

What are the typical first line treatments for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Typically co-beneldopa/carledopa
mild + concerned about levodopa: DA or MAO-I

33
Q

Outline the management for the following seizures…
Generalised tonic-clonic
Absence seizures
Myoclonic
Tonic
Focal

A

Sodium valproate apart from
Absence: can use ethosuximide
Focal: Carbamazepine or lamotrigene

34
Q

What are the side effects of…
Lamotrigene
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Sodium valproate

A

Lamotrigene: Rash, SJS
Carbamazepine: Rash, cerebellar, low Na
Phenytoin: Cerebellar, neuropathy, liver damage
Sodium valproate: Tubby, tremor, teratogenic

35
Q

How to distinguish between Crohn’s and UC

A

Crohn’s // UC
RIF mass // LIF pain
Anywhere // recto-caecal
Deep, skipping ulcers // continuous ulcers
Gallstones // PSC
Granulomatous // crypt abscesses

36
Q

What is the induction regime for Crohn’s

A
  1. Steroids
  2. 5-ASA
    +azathioprine/mercaptopurine
    Consider biologics if > 5 days without improvement
37
Q

What is the induction regime for UC?

A

Mild-moderate flare (4-6 stools)
1. Topical 5-ASA + oral 5-ASA/steroid if proctitis
Severe
IV steroids + ciclosporin if no improvement

38
Q

What are the maintenance options for Crohn’s and UC

A

Crohn’s
Stop smoking
1st line: Azathioprine/mercaptopurine
UC
Mild-mod: topical 5-ASA/oral/both
Severe: Azathioprine/mercaptopurine

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