4 - Osteology of the Skull Flashcards
How can we divide the bones of the head up?
- Cranium: Neurocranium (vault, floor, cavity) and Viscerocranium
- Mandible
In broad terms how do each part of the cranium form embryologically?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/571/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569925791)
What is the structure of the calvaria?
- Trilamina
- Two layers of compact bone separated by a layer of spongy bone called the diploe
- Adds strength without adding significant weight
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/628/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569925956)
Label the bones of the calvaria part of the neurocranium
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/678/q_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926181)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/678/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926195)
Label the important joints of the calvaria.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/878/q_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926542)
Bregma and Lambdoid are where the fontanelles wrere as an infant. They are points of intersection between different sutures.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/718/878/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926422)
What are the different types of skull fracture?
- Linear fractures radiate away from the point of injury
- Comminuted can be depressed or non-depressed
- Basillar have signs (see later flashcard)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/098/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926668)
What is a fontanelle and where are they found?
- Large areas of unossified membranes between flat bones of the calvaria
- Allow for alteration of skull and brain size and birth
- Anterior fuses 18months-2years, Posterior fuses 1-3months
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/180/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569926943)
What can fontanelles be used for?
Anterior: slightly convex in infant, can palpate to assess intra-cranial pressure and hydration state.
- If baby crying or vomiting and it is bulging this is normal, if not crying not normal
- If sunken may be dehydrated
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/310/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569927190)
What is craniosynostosis?
- Early fusion of fontanelles and sutures
- Head can have an usual shape and may need surgery to reshape it
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/505/a_image_thumb.png?1569927396)
How does the periosteum of the skull run and what is the importance of this anatomy?
- Covers inner and outer table of the skull, strongly adhered to edges of suture and continous through sutures
- Fracture to pterion can blow middle meningeal artery (anterior branch), haemorraghe pulling periosteum away from the bone up to the sutures
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/619/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569927668)
How is the cranial floor divided up?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/879/q_image_thumb.jpeg?1569927948)
- Anterior Fossa: frontal, ethmoid and small bit of sphenoid
- Middle Fossa: sphenoid and temporal
- Posterior Fossa: occipital
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/719/879/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569927921)
Where is the ethmoid bone and label it’s different parts.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/301/q_image_thumb.png?1569928319)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/301/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569928297)
Label the parts of the sphenoid bone.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/536/q_image_thumb.png?1569928470)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/536/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569928620)
Label the parts of the temporal bone.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/705/q_image_thumb.png?1569928771)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/705/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569928720)
Label the parts of the occipital bone.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/833/q_image_thumb.png?1569928862)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/720/833/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1569928874)