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GCSE chemistry > 4- Organic Chemistry❗️ > Flashcards

4- Organic Chemistry❗️ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

List the first five alkanes

A 
Methane 
Ethane 
propane 
butane
 pentane
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3
Q

Why are alkanes saturated?

A

There are only single bonds between the carbon atoms

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4
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated molecules?

A

They contain a double bond between two of the carbon atoms in a chain

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5
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

List the first alkenes

A

Ethene
propene
Butene

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7
Q

How do you test for alkanes and alkenes?

A

Using bromine water to test saturation

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8
Q

What colour does bromine go when added to saturated alkanes?

A

Stays orange

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9
Q

What colour does bromine go when added to unsaturated alkenes?

A

Turns colourless

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10
Q

What is the general formula of an alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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11
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-OH

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12
Q

Name the first 4 alcohols?

A

Methanol
ethanol
propanol
butanol

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13
Q

What do alcohols form when oxidised?

A

Carboxylic acids

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14
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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15
Q

When does complete combustion happen?

A

When there is plenty of oxygen

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16
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce?

A

Carbon Dioxide
water
carbon monoxide

17
Q

When does incomplete combustion happen?

A

When there is not enough oxygen

18
Q

How does acid rain form?

A

sulphur dioxide + nitrogen oxides mix with water vapour in clouds they form dilute sulphuric + nitric acid

19
Q

What’s the equation for production of ethanol through steam?

A

phosphoric acid

Ethanol + steam —————————> ethanol

20
Q

What is fermentation?

A

When sugar is converted into ethanol using yeast

21
Q

Give the equation for fermentation

A

Glucose—> ethanol + carbon dioxide

22
Q

Top of column

A

Short chain

23
Q

What do homologous series have in common?

A
  • same general formula
  • same functional group
  • similar chemical properties
24
Q

What are isomers ?

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different displayed formula

25
Q

What is bitumen used for ?

A

Surfacing roads + roofs

26
Q

What is kerosene used for?

A

Jet fuel

27
Q

What is fuel oil used for?

A

Ships + power stations

28
Q

What is liquified petroleum gas used for?

A

Domestic heating + cooking

29
Q

Describe properties of short chain molecules

A
  • less viscous
  • more flammable
  • lower boiling points
  • more volatile
30
Q

Describe properties of long chain molecules

A
  • more viscous
  • less flammable
  • higher boiling points
  • less volatile
31
Q

What is the definition of cracking?

A

The thermal decomposition of long chain hydrocarbons into shorter more useful ones

32
Q

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —>

A

Carbon dioxide + water

33
Q

What kind of reactions do all alkenes undergo?

A

Addition reactions

34
Q

What can alkanes react with?

A

Bromine (need UV light) - substitution reaction

GCSE chemistry (15 decks)

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