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Health Promotion - Final > 4: Oncology > Flashcards

4: Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the most common cancers?

A

Breast, prostate, lung, colon, melanoma, bladder, kidney

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2
Q

What makes up 48% of all cancers in men?

A

Prostate, lung, and colorectal

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3
Q

What are the three most common cancer’s among women?

A

Breast, lung, colorectal

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4
Q

Is the cancer mortality rate higher in men or women?

A

Men

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5
Q

What population has the highest risk of mortality with cancer?

A

Non-Hispanic Black Men

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6
Q

What population has the lowest risk of mortality with cancer?

A

Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander Women

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7
Q

What % of people will be diagnosed with cancer in their life?

A

40.5%

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8
Q

What are six factors that impact the risk of cancer?

A
  1. Diet
  2. Alcohol
  3. Physical activity
  4. Obesity
  5. DM
  6. Environment
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9
Q

High levels of activity are linked to lower risk of what cancers?

A
  • Bladder
  • Breast
  • Colon
  • Endometrial
  • Esophageal
  • Kidney
  • Stomach
  • Lung
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10
Q

What are the most common cancers that are associated with obesity?

A
  • Breast
  • Colon and rectum
  • Kidney and renal pelvic
  • Endometrial
  • Pancreatic
  • Thyroid
  • Liver
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11
Q

How can exercise help to prevent cancer?

A
  • Regulate hormones
  • Prevent high levels of insulin
  • Reduce inflammation
  • Improve immune function
  • Weight
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12
Q

Why does metabolism and digestion have an effect on cancer development?

A

High metabolism and increased digestion speed decreases the exposure to carcinogens

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13
Q

What duration of prolonged sitting can increase your risk of cancer?

A

> 4 hrs

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14
Q

What are benefits of exercise prior to treatment?

A
  • Exercise adherence
  • Tolerance to treatment
  • Prolong functional decline
  • Reduce post-op stay and complications
  • Return to pre-op function
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15
Q

When will a pt have better tolerance to chemo?

A

With pre-treatment exercise program

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16
Q

What is a positive prognostic predictor for pt’s with lung cancer?

A

Walking > 400 m in 6 min

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17
Q

What are gross benefits of exercising during cancer treatment?

A
  • QOL
  • Aerobic capacity
  • Strength
  • Symptom relief
  • Treatment tolerance
  • Boost immune
  • Decrease hospital stay
  • Anxiety and depression
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18
Q

What are cellular benefits of exercising during cancer treatment?

A
  • Bone mineral density
  • Creatinine exertion
  • Improved cell counts
  • Higher hemoglobin
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19
Q

What are gross benefits of exercise after cancer treatment?

A
  • Aerobic
  • Fatigue, anxiety, depression
  • QOL
  • Strength
  • Walking distance
  • Flexibility
  • Cardiovascular
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20
Q

What cellular benefits are there to exercising after cancer treatment?

A

Positive changes in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3,1 - decreased risk of recurring cancer

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21
Q

What are the ACSM guidelines for aerobic exercise for cancer patients?

A

30 min 3x/week for 8-12 weeks

22
Q

What are the ACSM guidelines for resistance exercise for cancer patients?

A
  • Major muscle groups
  • 2x/week
  • 2 sets of 8-15 reps, 60% 1RM
23
Q

What are side effects of cancer surgery?

A
  • Pain
  • Soft tissue restrictions, ROM
  • Weakness
  • Lymphedema
  • Incontinence
24
Q

What are side effects of chemothearpy?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Mucositis
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Myelosuppression
25
Q

What are side effects of radiation?

A
  • Radiation dermatitis
  • Fatigue
  • Pneumonitis
  • Dysphagia
  • Fibrosis
  • Lymphedema
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Incontinence
  • Myelopathy
26
Q

What should you focus on during PT post radiation treatment?

A
  • Stretching to affected joints and tissues
  • Postural strengthening
  • Monitor cardiac and pulmonary changes
27
Q

Describe anxiety and depression with pt’s following cancer

A
  • 2x more likely to develop anxiety
  • 3x more likely to develop depression
28
Q

How can you decrease anxiety and depression following cancer treatment?

A

Significantly reduce symptoms by incorporating aerobic training

29
Q

Is resistive training alone effective to decrease anxiety and depression?

A

No - need some form of aerobic

30
Q

What is CRF?

A

Cancer related fatigue - distressing, persistent, subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or treatment

31
Q

What % of pt’s have CRF?

A

80%

32
Q

What is reported as the most distressing symptoms with cancer treatment?

A

CRF

33
Q

How do you combat CRF?

A
  • Monitor fatigue levels
  • Energy conservation
  • Naps < 1 hr
  • Daily routine
  • Exercise regularly
34
Q

Describe the effects of chemotherapy induced neuropathy

A
  • Loss of pain and sensation
  • Balance deficits
  • Gait deficits
  • Fine motor loss
  • Decreased QOL
35
Q

What are PT considerations due to chemo induced neuropathy?

A
  • Assess balance and gait
  • Safety with aerobic exercise
  • Functional deficits
  • Safety at home
36
Q

What are CV changes that happen as a response to chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity?

A

BP changes, thrombosis, ECG, arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, MI, cardiomyopathy, L ventricle failure, CHF

37
Q

How long can symptoms from radiation last?

A

5-10 years

38
Q

What are long-lasting changes associated with radiation?

A
  • Fibrotic changes to myocardium
  • Radiation-induced accelerated atherosclerosis
  • Decreased renal function
39
Q

What symptoms will present 20-30 years after childhood cancer?

A

50% chance of cardiac issues

40
Q

What may be protective to CV effects during chemo?

A

Low intensity exercise

41
Q

What should you monitor during treatment of a cancer pt?

A
  • Vitals
  • RPE, Borg
  • SOB, edema, color
  • ROM activities with radiation
  • Deep breathing
  • Encourage aerobic conditioning
42
Q

What are exercise precautions for cancer based on?

A
  • Cancer type
  • Treatment side effects
  • Individual characteristics
43
Q

What are general precautions for osteoporosis?

A
  • Avoid high impact
  • Gentle increases
  • Balance
  • No MMT if in long bones
  • No PRE for bone METs
44
Q

What are general precautions for
lymphedema?

A
  • Avoid overuse
  • Gradual progression
  • Weight reduction
  • Education
  • Refer for compression or specialist
45
Q

What are general precautions for
incontinence?

A

Include kegel and pelvic floor exercise

46
Q

What are general precautions with a history of radiation?

A
  • ROM for 1 year
  • Cardiac compromise
  • Monitor vitals
47
Q

What are general precautions for
a compromised immune system?

A

Clean

48
Q

What are general precautions for
CV disease?

A
  • Comorbidities
  • SOB, lung congestion, pallor
  • Vitals
49
Q

What are general precautions for
fatigue?

A

Exercise can help improve symptoms

50
Q

What are general precautions for
peripheral neuropathy?

A

Balance, safety, fall prevention

51
Q

What are general precautions for
anemia?

A
  • Reduce exercise capacity
  • < 8 g/dL
52
Q

What are red flags to be on the lookout for with treating a cancer patient?

A
  • Pain
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Weight loss
  • Not responding typically
  • CV signs

Health Promotion - Final (4 decks)

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