1: Creating Health Change

Question 1

What is the WHO definition of “health”?

Answer 1

A state of physical, mental, and emotional well being, not just the absence of disease

Question 2

How has the healthcare paradigm shifted?

Answer 2

From emphasis on illness to a focus on health, function, quality of life, and well being

Question 3

How does wellness differ from health?

Answer 3

Wellness represents more constructs that health

Question 4

What is optimal health?

Answer 4

Balance between physical, mental, and social health

Question 5

How does the National Wellness Institute define wellness?

Answer 5

An active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence

Question 6

What are the six dimensions of wellness?

Answer 6

1. Occupational
2. Physical
3. Social
4. Intellectual
5. Spiritual
6. Emotional

Question 7

What are the five reasons of why it is important to promote health?

Answer 7

1. Mortality
2. Morbidity
3. Medical cost of disability
4. Lost years of income
5. Quality of life

Question 8

How has life expectancy changed from 2018-2020?

Answer 8

Decreased from 78.5 to 77.28

Question 9

Why has life expectancy decreased since 2018?

Answer 9

• Drug overdose
• Suicide
• Cirrhosis related deaths due to genetics, alcohol, and obesity

Question 10

What is the role of the PT in health promotion?

Answer 10

• Prevention
• Promotion of health, wellness, and fitness
• Screening

Question 11

What is primary prevention?

Answer 11

Preventing a target condition in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through such specific measures as general health promotion efforts

Question 12

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 12

Decreasing duration of illness, severity of disease, and number of sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention

Question 13

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 13

Limiting the degree of disability and promoting rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible diseases

Question 14

What are the three determinants of health according to the WHO?

Answer 14

1. Social and economic environment
2. Physical environment
3. Individual characteristics and behaviors

Question 15

What are contextual factors the influence the determinants of health?

Answer 15

Income and social status, education, physical environment, employment and working conditions, social support networks, culture, genetics, personal behavior and coping skills, health services, gender

Question 16

What are health behaviors, and what are the two types?

Answer 16

Actions that affect health or mortality, can either be intentional or unintentional

Question 17

At what level are health behaviors measured at?

Answer 17

Individual, group, population

Question 18

What is a wellness behavior?

Answer 18

Individuals become more active, curious, and socially engages, and ultimately healthier and more resilient

Question 19

What is an illness behavior?

Answer 19

In individual defines their state of health and discover a remedy by seeking medical treatment

Question 20

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 20

Non-medical factors affecting healing, including socioeconomic status and geographic location

Question 21

What are conditions that impact social determinants of health?

Answer 21

Where you are born, grow up, work, live, age

Question 22

What are the six components of the Health Behavior/Belief Model?

Answer 22

1. Perceived susceptibility
2. Perceived severity
3. Perceived benefit
4. Perceived barriers
5. Cues to action
6. Self-efficacy

Question 23

What model is displayed in the diagram?

Answer 23

Health Behavior/Belief Model

Question 24

What is an internal locus of control?

Answer 24

Choices, personal action, and decisions have a direct bearing on health

Question 25

What is an external locus of control?

Answer 25

Other factors are responsible for my health status

Question 26

What is chance related to locus of control?

Answer 26

Controlled by fate, luck, or chance

Question 27

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 27

Human behavior is the product of the dynamic interplay of the person, the behavior, and the environment

Question 28

What does Social Cognitive Theory assess?

Answer 28

-Cognitive and emotional aspects of behavior for understanding behavioral change
- How patient acquire and continue with behavioral patterns

Question 29

What is the Transtheoretical Model?

Answer 29

Stages of intentional change that focuses on decision making process

Question 30

What are the 5 Stages of Change according to the Transtheoretical Model?

Answer 30

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Question 31

What is the precontemplation stage?

Answer 31

No intention to change

Question 32

What is the contemplation stage?

Answer 32

Intending to change in the near future

Question 33

What is the preparation stage?

Answer 33

Making a plan to change behavior

Question 34

What is the action stage?

Answer 34

Implementing plan to change a behavior

Question 35

What is the maintenance stage?

Answer 35

Continuation of behavior

Question 36

What is the Socioeconomic Model?

Answer 36

Examines social, economic, and climate policies that impact health behaviors

Question 37

What does the Socioeconomic Model explain?

Answer 37

How a person’s SES, living, and aging conditions can impact their health behaviors

Question 38

What does the Socioeconomic Model consider?

Answer 38

• Environment
• Social environment
• Stress
• Perceptions