4: Oncogenic Viruses Flashcards
P53 is activated if the ______ is damaged & blocks the cell cycle & the ______ damage is repaired. If repair cannot be done the cell ______.
E2F stimulates cell cycle & can be ______ by Rb. Problems with ______ allows E2F to continually stimulate cell cycle.
______ of P53 or Rb allows cells to proliferate (continuous growth of cells) and accumulate other mutations.
P53 is activated if the DNA is damaged & blocks the cell cycle & the DNA damage is repaired. If repair cannot be done the cell apoptoses.
E2F stimulates cell cycle & can be blocked by Rb. Problems with Rb allows E2F to continually stimulate cell cycle.
Inactivation of P53 or Rb allows cells to proliferate (continuous growth of cells) and accumulate other mutations.
______ are overexpressed in some human cancers by amplification, mutation, or translocation.
Oncogenes are overexpressed in some human cancers by amplification, mutation, or translocation.
These cancers have mutations in ______:
Breast Bladder Prostate Liver Lung Skin Colon
These cancers have mutations in p53:
Breast Bladder Prostate Liver Lung Skin Colon
______ tumor viruses can target p53 and pRB
DNA tumor viruses can target p53 and pRB
RNA oncogenic retroviruses viruses carry ______ oncogenes, or insert their ______ and activate an oncogene.
RNA oncogenic retroviruses viruses carry activated oncogenes, or insert their promoter and activate an oncogene.
DNA oncogenic viruses ______ cell cycle genes and inactivate the cell cycle.
DNA viruses can cause cancer through effects of the ______ or its equivalent (SV40, adenoviruses, Human papillomaviruses) which target the p53 and pRb genes
DNA oncogenic viruses degrade cell cycle genes and inactivate the cell cycle.
DNA viruses can cause cancer through effects of the T antigen or its equivalent (SV40, adenoviruses, Human papillomaviruses) which target the p53 and pRb genes
SV40 did ______ cause cancer in human cells—species specificity.
______ antigen from SV40 binds to P53 & Rb & inactivates them; hence, cells grow ______.
If T antigen is removed the cell goes back to normal as P53 & Rb function resume.
No human tumors contain ______ T antigen so there are no cases!
SV40 did not cause cancer in human cells—species specificity.
T antigen from SV40 binds to P53 & Rb & inactivates them; hence, cells grow continually.
If T antigen is removed the cell goes back to normal as P53 & Rb function resume.
No human tumors contain SV40 T antigen so there are no cases!
Oncogenic ______ viruses are species-specific.
E1A and E1B are analogous to ______ and are always expressed in transformed cells
______ responsible for any human cancers
Oncogenic adenoviruses are species-specific.
E1A and E1B are analogous to T antigen and are always expressed in transformed cells
Not responsible for any human cancers
Kids without IL-2 got virus with IL-2 gene therapy and some kids actually got leukemia, this is the only example of ______ specificity.
Kids without IL-2 got virus with IL-2 gene therapy and some kids actually got leukemia, this is the only example of non-species specificity.
Oncogenes may have which function in normal cells?
Inhibition of cell cycle
Repair of mutations
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs
Surface receptors for growth factors
Surface receptors for growth factors
Papillomaviruses cause ______ cancer, and the benign form causes ______.
Papillomaviruses cause Cervical cancer, and the benign form causes Warts.
Epstein-Barr virus causes ______ lymphoma & ______ cancer, and the benign form causes ______.
Epstein-Barr virus causes Burkitt’s lymphoma & Naso-pharyngeal cancer, and the benign form causes Mononucleosis.
Hepatitis B virus that causes Hepatitis B also causes ______ carcinoma.
______ gene & ras from hepatitis B causes cancer.
Hepatitis B virus vaccine ______ HCC—it works!
HCC is prevelant in ______.
Hepatitis B virus that causes Hepatitis B also causes Hepatocellular carcinoma.
X gene gene & ras from hepatitis B causes cancer.
Hepatitis B virus vaccine eliminates HCC—it works!
HCC is prevelant in asia.
Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by the ______ (HHV8).
Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by the herpesvirus (HHV8).
Human ______ leukemia virus causes Leukemias & lymphomas.
It is prevelant in the ______.
Human T cell leukemia virus causes Leukemias & lymphomas.
It is prevelant in the Carribean.
Human papillomaviruses are Related to the ______ virus.
Low Risk (HPV 4,6,8) = ______
Intermediate (HPV 11) = ______ papillomas
High Risk (HPV 16,18) = ______, ______ cancer
They numbered them as they were discovered so hardest ones to find = worst ones = highest numbers
Human papillomaviruses are Related to the SV40 virus.
Low Risk (HPV 4,6,8) = Warts
Intermediate (HPV 11) = Laryngeal papillomas
High Risk (HPV 16,18) = Cervical, pharyngeal cancer
They numbered them as they were discovered so hardest ones to find = worst ones = highest numbers
In high risk HPVs, ______ and ______ are similar to T antigen of SV40 virus. ______ is a suppressor of E6 and E7. E2 normally suppresses E6 and E7.
Loss of ______ function, because of integration, therefore allows over-expression of E6 and E7, which leads to cancer.
In high risk HPVs, E6 and E7 are similar to T antigen of SV40 virus. E2 is a suppressor of E6 and E7. E2 normally suppresses E6 and E7.
Loss of E2 function, because of integration, therefore allows over-expression of E6 and E7, which leads to cancer.
