3: Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Flashcards
Which are relationships between N. gonorrhoeae bacteriology and pathogenesis?
A. No growth on maltose – No beer-borne transmission
B. Sensitive to dehydration & cold – sexual transmission
C. Gram(-) LOS – local inflammation
D. Flagellar motility – spread up the reproductive tract
E. IgA protease – Bacteria easily colonize mucosal surfaces
B. Sensitive to dehydration & cold – sexual transmission
C. Gram(-) LOS – local inflammation
E. IgA protease – Bacteria easily colonize mucosal surfaces
The following are important SIMILARITIES between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae:
_____ protease as a virulence factor
Septic _____ as a complication
Growth on _____ medium
The following are important SIMILARITIES between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae:
IgA protease as a virulence factor
Septic arthritis as a complication
Growth on Thayer-Martin medium
*SInce gonorrhoeae does not have a capsule you cannot vaccinate, but N. Meningitidis does so it does have a vaccine.
The advantages to Chlamydia of having two different forms are (EBs = elementary bodies, RBs = reticulate bodies):
_____ s are tiny and rugged – great for hopping from host to host
_____ s are large and complex – great for efficiently producing progeny
_____ s are too compact to efficiently reproduce; _____ s are too delicate to survive outside a host cell
The advantages to Chlamydia of having two different forms are (EBs = elementary bodies, RBs = reticulate bodies):
EBs are tiny and rugged – great for hopping from host to host
RBs are large and complex – great for efficiently producing progeny
EBs are too compact to efficiently reproduce; RBs are too delicate to survive outside a host cell
What’s the difference between a C. trachomatis infection leading to Lymphogranuloma Venereum versus one that leads to regular genital chlamydia?
The serovar of C. trachomatis that does the infecting
A patient to whom you prescribed doxycycline for a Chlamydia infection a month ago is back with a recurrence of symptoms. What happened?
Reinfection from her untreated partner: counsel simultaneous treatment
N. gonorrhoeae Virulence factors: _____ protease, pili, LOS, Porins, Opa
N. gonorrhoeae Virulence factors: IgA protease, pili, LOS, Porins, Opa
N. gonorrhoeae = gram(_____) _____ cocci, _____/facultative, human-restricted, oxidase-_____, catalase-_____
N. gonorrhoeae = gram(-) diplococci, aerobic/facultative, human-restricted, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive
N. gonorrhoeae Growth _____ on blood agar and overgrown by normal flora on nonselective media: use Thayer-Martin if _____ flora (genital, nasopharyngeal), _____ if normally-sterile (CSF, blood)
N. gonorrhoeae Growth inhibited on blood agar and overgrown by normal flora on nonselective media: use Thayer-Martin if normal flora (genital, nasopharyngeal), chocolate if normally-sterile (CSF, blood)
N. gonorrhoeae: Host defends with IgG-enhanced complement and PMNs, usually contains gonococcus. Complement _____ predisposes to complications.
N. gonorrhoeae: Host defends with IgG-enhanced complement and PMNs, usually contains gonococcus. Complement deficiency predisposes to complications.
N. gonorrhoeae: Asymptomatic/Untreated gonococcus in women leads to _____
N. gonorrhoeae: Asymptomatic/Untreated gonococcus in women leads to PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
N. gonorrhoeae Other serious complications follow bacteremia: DGI, _____ arthritis, meningitis, endo _____
N. gonorrhoeae Other serious complications follow bacteremia: DGI, septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis
DGI = Disseminated infection
N. gonorrhoeae Neonates must be protected by _____ eye ointment
N. gonorrhoeae Neonates must be protected by prophylactic eye ointment
*Neonatal conjunctivitis: prophylactic application of erythromycin ointment or silver nitrate to eyes shortly after birth
N. gonorrhoeae Test with _____ and _____ stain of appropriate samples; DNA testing available
N. gonorrhoeae Test with culture and gram stain of appropriate samples; DNA testing available
_____ are effective protection against N. gonorrhoeae when used correctly
Condoms are effective protection against N. gonorrhoeae when used correctly
Treat N. gonorrhoeae with _____, _____, admit if complications
Treat N. gonorrhoeae with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, admit if complications
Chlamydia trachomatis is a small, _____ intracellular bacterium (so must use drugs that penetrate the human cell membrane).
Chlamydia trachomatis is a small, obligate intracellular bacterium (so must use drugs that penetrate the human cell membrane).
Chlamydia replicate in a unique manner beginning with tiny, infectious, rugged, _____ bodies which “unpack” into _____ bodies after infection.
Chlamydia replicate in a unique manner beginning with tiny, infectious, rugged, elementary bodies which “unpack” into reticulate bodies after infection.
Chlamydia Reticulate bodies form intracellular _____ that are visible on microscopy; within the inclusions they multiply by _____ fission, forming new reticulate bodies and later new elementary bodies.
Chlamydia Reticulate bodies form intracellular inclusions that are visible on microscopy; within the inclusions they multiply by binary fission, forming new reticulate bodies and later new elementary bodies.
Chlamydia’s Unusual life cycle complicates research; one known virulence factor is _____ used for entry & establishing inclusion body.
Chlamydia’s Unusual life cycle complicates research; one known virulence factor is T3SS used for entry & establishing inclusion body.
_____ causes Lymphogranuloma Venereum, blinding trachoma, and pneumonia (Unit 4) in addition to urogenital “chlamydia”
C. trachomatis causes Lymphogranuloma Venereum, blinding trachoma, and pneumonia (Unit 4) in addition to urogenital “chlamydia”
Chlamydia Treatment can often be initiated based on _____ findings, additional diagnostics are available and may be desired in various situations (tissue culture for C. trachomatis in _____ victims).
Chlamydia Treatment can often be initiated based on physical findings, additional diagnostics are available and may be desired in various situations (tissue culture for C. trachomatis in rape victims).
Treat Chlamydia with _____ EXCEPT for pregnant/pediatric/allergic patients, who get _____ or other alternatives. Patients who get alternatives may need follow-up testing and retreatment.
Treat Chlamydia with tetracyclines (doxycycline) EXCEPT for pregnant/pediatric/allergic patients, who get erythromycin or other alternatives. Patients who get alternatives may need follow-up testing and retreatment.
_____ are effective protection vs Chlamydia when used correctly.
Condoms are effective protection vs Chlamydia when used correctly.
Immune complement is important in Neisseria infections because
A. It always contains the infection at the local site B. It often clears N. gonorrhoeae infections before symptoms can develop C. Individuals with complement deficiencies are at higher risk of complications from Neisseria infections D. N. gonorrhoeae pili are necessary to defend against it
C. Individuals with complement deficiencies are at higher risk of complications from Neisseria infections
Your new lab tech never successfully cultures Neisseria from endocervical samples, but can grow it fine from septic joint fluid, CSF, or blood. What’s going on?
The lab is contaminated with Neisseria-killing fungus
He’s culturing the samples on blood agar
He’s culturing the samples on nonselective chocolate agar
He’s faking his lab reports
He’s culturing the samples on nonselective chocolate agar
3) What is Most Unusual about the replication of Chlamydia?
A. Chlamydia replicates within human host cells B. Chlamydia requires ATP as an energy source C. Chlamydia forms two morphs: reticulate and elementary bodies D. Chlamydia cannot replicate in the presence of doxycycline
C. Chlamydia forms two morphs: reticulate and elementary bodies
4) Why does urogenital Chlamydia infection remain so prevalent, now that it can be cured by a relatively cheap antibiotic?
A. Asymptomatic infections form a reservoir B. People still don’t use condoms C. A treated patient can be reinfected by his/her untreated partner D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Chlamydia & N. gonorrhoeae can both cause _____ disease in women.
Chlamydia & N. gonorrhoeae can both cause pelvic inflammitory disease in women.
