4. Non-Deductive Arguments

Question 1

indicators of a non-deductive argument

Answer 1

it is likely that
it is probable that
it is plausible

Question 2

a strong arguement is a non-deductive argument that succeeds in…..

Answer 2

providing probable but not conclusive, logical support for its conclusion

Question 3

A weak argument is a non-deductive argument that…..

Answer 3

fails to provide probable logical support for its conclusion

Question 4

a reasoning gap

Answer 4

the absence of information that allows for an argument to have counter-examples

Question 5

an exception

Answer 5

a situation where a generalisation or argument fails

Question 6

irrelevant premise

Answer 6

one whose truth or falsity does not affect the arguments support for the conclusion

Question 7

fallacy of relevance

Answer 7

a pattern of reasoning that appears to offer support but is irrelevant to the argument

Question 8

The Ad Hominem

Answer 8

attacking the person

Question 9

equivocation

Answer 9

a word used in two or more ways

Question 10

Hypocrisy Fallacy

Answer 10

rejecting an argument because the person preaching it fails to practice it themselves

Question 11

Red Herring Fallacy

Answer 11

trying to side-track their audience by raising an irrelevant issue as a distractor

Question 12

Strawman Fallacy

Answer 12

someone distorts or caricatures an opponents arguments and then attacks the weakened version

Question 13

Framing effect

Answer 13

the psychological bias where our preferences are influenced by whether options are presented negatively or positively