4. Motor proteins & intermediate filaments Flashcards

1
Q

name the 2 key microtubule motor proteins

A

kinesin and dynein

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2
Q

what is anterograde transport, which motor protein does this

A

cargo moves towards + end of the microtubule

kinesin

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3
Q

what is retrograde transport, which motor protein does this

A

cargo moves towards - end of the microtubule

dynein

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4
Q

describe the structure of kinesin

A
  • head domain has ATP binding site + microtubule binding site
  • neck region is flexible and responsible for the direction of movement
  • motor domain generates movement
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5
Q

what is the structure of kinesin 1

A

has 2 heads which bind to microtubule sites and step forwards along the microtubles

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6
Q

what is the speed of kinesin

A

600 nm

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7
Q

where is kinesin 5 found

A

in mitotic spindle

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8
Q

what is the role of kinesin 13

A

assists in disassembly of microtubules at + end and - end

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9
Q

how are dyneins linked to their cargo

A

linked by large complexes of dynactin

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10
Q

what is a similarity between dynein and kinesin

A

both has ATPase domains and microtubule binding domains

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11
Q

what does cilia and flagella movement depend on

A

Bending of the axoneme generated by motor proteins

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12
Q

why does the axoneme bend rather than slide past

A

due to restrictions imposed by cross-linking protein nexin in the axoneme.

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of microtubules in spindle fibers

A

kinetochore microtubules, polar microtubules, astral microtubules

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14
Q

what do kinetochore microtubules do

A

connect chromosomes to the spindle poles

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15
Q

what do polar microtubles do

A

overlap and are involved in holding the poles together and regulating pole-pole distance

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16
Q

what do astral microtubules do

A

help position the spindle and determine the plane of cytokinesis

17
Q

what proteins form intermediate filaments

A

keratin or lamin

18
Q

what is the role of intermediate filaments

A

provide mechanical support for the nuclear membrane or for cell adhesion

19
Q

what class of intermediate filaments are involved in tissue strength

A

class 1 and 2

20
Q

what class of intermediate fibre is involved in axon organisation

21
Q

what is the structure of intemediate filaments

A

alpha helical rod structure, that overlap producing a rope-like structure

assembled into an antiparallel tetramer

22
Q

what is the intermediate fibre tetramer assembled into

A

assembled into protofilaments, twisted into a robe like structure called a protofibril

23
Q

what is the role of intemediate filament associated proteins (IFAP)

A

connect adjacent IFs together, interact with skeletal components

24
Q

give an example of IFAPs

25
what disease is caused by mutations to IF genes
epidermolysis bulls simplex
26
what is kartenegers syndrome
hereditary defects in ciliary dynein, results in infertility (non-motile sperm) and paralysed cilia