(4) Motor Control & Motor Learning Flashcards
Why understand motor control & motor learning as a physio?
Retraining motor control problems is vital to improve the quality of movement & function
What is motor control?
The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
What is involved in motor control?
interaction between the individual, the task and the environment
What are the factors associated with the task during motor control?
- Mobility
- Stability
- Manipulation
What are the factors associated with the individual during motor control?
- Action
- Perception
- Cognition
What are the factors associated with the environment during motor control?
- Regulatory
- Nonregulatory
What are the theories of motor control?
- Reflex
- Hierarchical
- Motor programming model
- Bernstein’s Systems Theory
- Ecological Theory
What is the reflex theory of motor control?
- reflexes work together or in a sequence for common purpose
- complex behaviour explained through chain of individual reflexes
What is the hierarchical theory in motor control?
- organisational control that is top down
- each level exerts control of level below
What is the motor programming model in motor control?
Retraining movements are important for functional tasks, not just muscles working
What is the Bernstein’s systems theory in motor control?
involves all systems involved in motor control (movements)
What is the ecological theory in motor control?
individual actively exploring the task & environment
What are the different clinical applications of Motor Control Theory?
- Neurofacilitation approaches
- Task orientated approaches
What is involved in the neurofacilitation approaches during the application of Motor Control Theory
- Roods approach (tone)
- Bobath concept (mvmt & postural control)
- Brunnstorm
- PNF
- Sensory integration
What is involved in the task orientated approaches during the application of Motor Control Theory
- Motor learning approach
- Systems approach
What is motor learning?
understanding the acquisition and/or modification of skilled action
What is motor relearning?
reacquisition of motor skills or movement lost due to injury
What are the forms of motor learning?
- Declarative learning
- Procedural Learning
What is declarative learning?
mentally practicing a movement or a sequence (learning skill)
What is procedural learning?
no attention or conscious thought (skill practiced)
What are the two forms of long term memory?
- Explicit (declarative)
- Implicit (nondeclarative)
What are Fitts & Posner’s stages of motor learning?
Stage 1: Early or Cognitive
Stage 2: Intermediate or Associative
Stage 3: Autonomous
What’s the focus on Bernstein’s approach to motor learning?
emphasis on controlling the degrees of freedom (dof) of the body segments
What are the three stages of Bernstein’s approach to motor learning?
1st stage: simplify mvmt, restrict dof
2nd stage: expand dof
3rd stage: dof released, use of more passive forces to increase efficiency
What are Gentiles two stage model of motor learning?
1st stage: minimal environment variation, consistent mvmt pattern
2nd stage: changing environment conditions, mvmt diversification
What are the therapeutic applications of motor learning?
- Practice levels
- Practice conditions
- Feedback
What are some feedback considerations for motor learning?
- verbal vs manual vs visual
- frequency
- timing
- bandwidth (only when falls outside certain correctness)
What is involved in Ax for therapeutic applications?
- observation
- functional tasks
- neurological Ax
- factors impacting motor learning
What is involved in the intervention for therapeutic applications?
- task orientated approach
- functional mvmt
- intensity
- exercise variety
- feedback
- patient customised
- real life objects & environment
- progressive
- functional goals
