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Neuro > (3) Ataxia > Flashcards

(3) Ataxia Flashcards

1
Q

What is ataxia?

A

loss of coordination of voluntary muscle movements

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2
Q

What are typical characteristics of ataxia?

A
  • unsteady
  • reeling
  • clumsy
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3
Q

What are the inherited ataxias?

A
  • Friedrichs
  • Spinocerebellar
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4
Q

What are the acquired ataxias?

A
  • sensory lesion
  • cerebellar lesion
  • vestibular lesion
  • associated areas lesions
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5
Q

What is the Postural Control System (PCS)?

A

Ability to maintain the body in space achieving stability & orientation

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6
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the PCS?

A
  • balance
  • stabilization
  • support the body
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7
Q

What tasks does the PCS carry out?

A
  • relative position body parts
  • position body in relation external forces
  • info via somatosensory, vestibular & visual systems
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8
Q

What is sensory ataxia?

A

lack sensory input mould movement

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9
Q

What causes sensory ataxia?

A
  • disruption of afferent input in dorsal columns
  • disruption proprioceptive input
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10
Q

What are symptoms of sensory ataxia?

A
  • wide based stamping gait with eyes fixed on ground
  • high stepping gait
  • vision compensates
  • more unsteady dark or dull situations
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11
Q

What are some neurological conditions associated with sensory ataxia?

A
  • spinal cord tumours
  • damage to dorsal root ganglion (Tabes Dorsalis)
  • neuropathy
  • multiple sclerosis
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12
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia?

A

poor synergistic activity between muscles resulting in lack of fine tuning

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13
Q

What are signs of cerebellar ataxia?

A
  • problems initiating, programming and controlling multi-joint movement
  • lesions in cerebellum or aff/efferent connections
  • staggering or stumbling gait
    • other symptoms
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia?

A
  • Dysmetria
  • Dysdiadochokinesia
  • Dyssynergia
  • Action, intention & postural tremor
  • Hypotonia
  • Weakness & fatigue
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15
Q

How would you differentiate between a cerebellar and sensory ataxia?

A

Romberg test
- ability use proprioceptive info for standing balance
- sharpened Romberg with one foot Infront of other

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16
Q

What are Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA’s)?

A
  • generally inherited
  • each caused by a genetic mutation
  • autosomal dominant (only need one parent have it)
  • cerebellar symptoms
17
Q

What is Friedrichs Ataxia?

A

autosomal recessive genetic disease that causes difficulty walking, loss of coordination in the arms and legs, and impaired speech that worsens over time

18
Q

What are the symptoms of Friedrichs ataxia?

A
  • dysarthria
  • clumsiness
  • proprioceptive loss
  • spasticity
  • diabetes
  • poor standing balance
  • scoliosis
  • visual & hearing loss
  • nystagmus
19
Q

What is the physio treatment for Friedrichs ataxia?

A
  • aerobic training
  • bracing for scoliosis
  • orthoses pes cavus
  • stretches
  • standing balance / gait
  • transfers
20
Q

What is vestibular ataxia?

A

is the violation of the coordination of movements and the ability to maintain a pose associated with damage to the vestibular apparatus

21
Q

What is the role of the vestibular system?

A
  • detects the position & motion of the head in space
  • changes the body position in space both linear and rotational
22
Q

Where does the motor output come from in the vestibular system?

A
  • vestibulo-ocular reflex (AHC’s cranial nerves)
  • vestibulo-spinal reflex (AHC’s spinal cord)
23
Q

What is the peripheral vestibular system?

A
  • Ampulla @ end each SCC contain cristae
  • hair cells respond to angular acceleration
  • Otolith organs (utricle & saccule)
  • Otoconia allows sense linear acceleration
24
Q

What does the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) do?

A

Moves eyes right by processing info from both vestibular nuclei

25
Q

What are the symptoms of vestibular dysfunction?

A
  • postural abnormalities
  • abnormal postural response
  • ataxia
  • vertigo
  • nystagmus
  • nausea
26
Q

What is the Vestibulospinal reflex (VSR)?

A

uses organs of the vestibular system and the skeletal muscles in order to maintain balance and posture

27
Q

What tracts are involved in the supraspinal control of muscle tone?

A
  • vestibulospinal tract (VST)
  • dorsal reticulospinal tract (DRT)
  • medial reticulospinal tract (MRT)
28
Q

What are symptoms of vestibular ataxia?

A
  • disturbances equilibrium standing and sitting
  • staggering gait and wide BOS
  • may lean backwards & towards the lesion
29
Q

What is the physio treatment for vestibular ataxia?

A
  • trunk and pelvic stability
  • proximal limb joints
  • manual resistance tracts
  • goal directed movement
  • specific mobs
30
Q

How is vestibular ataxia diagnosed?

A
  • test nystagmus
  • rotation tests
  • posturography
  • hearing tests
  • caloric tests
  • Sensory Organization Test (SOT)

Neuro (11 decks)

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