4- Motivation, instinct and drive Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an instinct?

A

They are automatic, irresistible reactions to a trigger. They are unmodifiable. They also occur in every member of the species.

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2
Q

What is motivation?

A

An urge that prompts a person do something.

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3
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Self-regulating physiological systems that function to maintain internal bodily conditions in a state of equilibrium or constancy E.g. shivering when cold, sweating when hot
Negative feedback system

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4
Q

What is drive reduction theory?

A

Hull
- E.g. when a thirsty rat drinks water it alleviates its physiological needs for water, thereby reducing its thirst drive.

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5
Q

What is an incentive?

A

external ‘pull’

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6
Q

What is set point theory?

A
  • Individuals have a particular state that they try and maintain
  • E.g. like a thermostat
  • E.g. If we get too cold, we shiver to warm ourselves up
  • We have biological control systems that actively maintain features such as weight, body temperature and hydration
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7
Q

What is glucostatic theory?

A

eating is initiated when blood glucose levels fall below a certain point and ends when blood glucose rises above a certain point

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8
Q

What is lipostatic theory?

A

individuals have a set point for body fat and deviations produce either an increase or decrease in eating

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9
Q

What is settling point theory?

A
  • Bodily systems find a natural balance based on the input and output of the system

Ventromedial area:
Lesioning- Increases eating
Stimulating- Decreases eating

Lateral area:
Lesioning- Decreases eating
Stimulating- Increases eating

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10
Q

Reproductive behaviour

A
  • We have an endocrine system
  • Glands secrete hormones
  • Males and females have both androgens and oestrogens
  • Gonadal hormones play a role in the control of the adult male sexual behaviour
    o Castration results in drop in sexual interest and behaviour
  • Gonadal hormones also play a role in the control of female sexual behaviour related to ovulation
    o Only female primates show interest in sexual behaviour in times of infertility
    o Humans and other primates still want sex even if they cant get pregnant
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11
Q

What factors influence sexual behaviour?

A
  • Previous experience
  • Conditioning
  • Social pressure
  • Imprinting
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