4) Morality Flashcards
Morality
The behavioural prescriptions and standards that define and direct us towards a virtuous life. In a group setting, morality groups refers to shared definitions of acceptable vs. unacceptable behaviour
Social Identity Theory
Group identities can be experienced as an extended part of the self.
Moral Licensing
Once people have performed a moral act and feel self-affirmed in that sense, they are more inclined to behave unethically on subsequent occasions
Favouritism
An intergroup bias that describes how ingroup members are favoured compared to outgroup members. It most strongly manifests itself in resource allocation
Stereo Type Content Model
Maps group stereotypes along to factors/axises:
1) Warmth
2) Competence
How does morality regulate social behavior?
- Works as a prescriptive rule and as a descriptive function
- Moral Principles (shared with the group)
- Functional Perspective (Allows to examine WHY)
Identity Defining Function
The agreement on right and wrong has a identity defining function in social interactions.
Helps individuals define who they are and where they belong.
Group Dynamic Function and Intergroup relations function
Subscribing to specific moral standards helps provide a consensual definition of what is right and wrong that guides individual behavioural choices
VS
We relate moral judgements to the way people tend to communicate with and behave towards members of other groups that have different moral standards
Moral Neglect
Facilitated though two processes:
1) SOCIAL NORM
- = the general behavioural expectations that people hold in a given context.
2) SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION
= The process by which we differentiate between the ones who are like us (ingroup) and who are not (outgroup)
People copy the behaviour of in-group members (descriptive norms) and distance themselves from out-group members (injunctive norms)
Organizational Aggravators of Moral Neglect
- SOCIALISATION
sets up role expectations for individuals, communicates which organizational goals are important, and establishes appropriate ways to achieve them - ROLES
= Sets of behavioural expectations that often surround one’s position within an organization (learned by behaviour scripts= - GOALS
Motivate behavior
might demotivate moral behavior
–> intrapersonal consequences •
“moral blindness”, “inattentiveness” to moral content, “bounded ethicality”
Social Processes that Facilitate Justification
Social Comparison
= Individuals are motivated to assess their own abilities and opinions, and we do so using others as our points of comparison
Social Verification
= People are motivated to verify, validate, and sustain their existing views of themselves
• False Consensus Bias
Organizational Aggravators of Moral Justification
- Organizational Identification
- Group Loyalty
- Business Framing and Euphemistic Language
Intrapersonal Consequences of Moral Justification
Moral Disengagement
- Set of cognitive mechanism which deactive self-sanctions that help us behave morally (reduce cognitive dissonance)
Moral Hypocrisy
Moral Licensing
Facilitators of Moral Inaction or Immoral Action
Social Conformity
Diffusion of Responsibility (Bystander Effect)
Obedience to Authority
Organizational Aggravators of Immoral Action
- Bureaucracy and Anonymity
(De-individualization) - Hierarchy
