4. MODELS & THEORIES Flashcards
(28 cards)
Wheeling Walks Campaign: Goal
help sedentary, older individuals become more active
Wheeling Walks: Method
public health campaign
- media messages
- community events
Wheeling Walks: Model Informing Campaign
Health Belief Model
Health Belief Model
Used to explain but also predict behavior/behavior changes
Perceived Severity & Perceived Susceptibility –> Perceived Threat –> Health Behavior»_space; Benefits & Barriers | Cues to Action
Health Belief Model: Detailed Overview
How susceptible do I believe I am to it, and how severe do I perceive the possibility = perceived threat.
This helps motivate toward health behavior; which is influenced by both 1) benefits & barriers as well as 2) cues to action
Benefits and barriers: if I engage in this behavior, what kind of benefits will I receive. What kind of barriers will I face (time, money, accessibility, lacking motivation, lacking skill, etc) … essentially “I know there are some benefits to engaging in this activity, but there are also these things holding me back…weighing pros and cons”
Cues to action: a trigger that spurs the decision making process. Can be both internal (start noticing gain weight, wheezing while running around, fatigued by climbing stairs) or external (advice from significant other)
Cues to Action: Internal
- how you feel
Cues to Action: External
- media messages
- social persuasion (especally impactful if comes from doctor or perceived medical expert and well as family member if illness may be passed down)
- point of decision prompts
Points of Decision
- happen throughout the day
- active vs inactive choice
can include:
- Who you’re with (and whether they are activity inclined or not)
- How you’re feeling (soreness, sluggish, etc)
Wheeling Walks: HBM Potential Barriers & Cues to Action
Potential barriers: time, weather, equipment, mood
Cues to action for older adults: struggling to play with grandkids, potential diagnosis or troubling symptoms, weight gain
When Exercise is a Threat: Examples
- Older adults: falls
- Pregant: risk to fetal health
- heart disease/cardiac rehabilitation: risk of cardiac events
When Exercise is a Threat: Adjustment in Approach
Health messaging has to focus on benefits as well as other behaviors to reduce risk
show beenfits of exercising and MINIMIZE perceived risk (barriers)
Theory of Planned Behavior
Have plan and attitude, influenced by people around you, but now this is influenced by your perceived control as well.
ESSENTIALLY: If I feel like I have more control, it’s going to strengthen my intention to x behavior, and the higher likelihood I’ll engage in that behavior.
What you need to know: adds control. Increase control, increases likelihood.
Ties back to SDT – do you feel like you have autonomy and control, as well as things that are keeping you from that activity (barriers)
Theory of Reasoned Action
Key determinant of Behavior: INTENTION to exercise
INFLUENCED BY: 1) attitude, and 2) social norms
Research Issue: Perceived Control v Self-Efficacy
Task Self-Efficacy: confidence in one’s ability to complete a specific task
Self Regulatory Efficacy: confidence in one’s ability to regulate a behavior
Self-Regulatory Efficacy:
What is required to exercise successfully?
- overcome barriers
- motivate oneself
- track progress toward goals
- modify workouts so that they are challenging while also safe
Wheeling Walks: Campaign Design
Attitude:
Social Norms:
Perceived Control or Self-Efficacy:
Transtheoretical Model
(Stages of Change)
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Wheeling Walks: Stages of Change Outcomes
62% in Wheeling compared to 50% in comparison city = 12% increase
of those reporting to be in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation at baseline.
Moving Through Stages: Decisional Balance
See Figure
Related to transtheoretical model
decisional balance as we go through stages, related to pros/cons and our self-efficacy
As move through the system, begin to get more well versed with your personality and process, can avoid and sidestep the cons (consequences/barriers) more easily and lower them in the balance
To Move Through Stages: Need to Change…
- how they think about exercise
- how they think about themselves
- aspects of the environment that influence exercise behavior
To Move through Stages: 2 Types Processes
- Experiential (earlier stages)
- Behavioral (later stages)
Strategies for EARLIER Stages:
Experiential Strategies
- consciousness raising
- environmental re-evaluation
- social liberation
Consiousness Raising
seek new information
- example: eduate people on benefits of exercise
Environmental Re-evaluation
consider how inactivity afects physical and social environments
- example: promote awareness of costs of inactivity to the healthcare system