4. MODELS & THEORIES Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Wheeling Walks Campaign: Goal

A

help sedentary, older individuals become more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wheeling Walks: Method

A

public health campaign
- media messages
- community events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wheeling Walks: Model Informing Campaign

A

Health Belief Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Health Belief Model

A

Used to explain but also predict behavior/behavior changes

Perceived Severity & Perceived Susceptibility –> Perceived Threat –> Health Behavior&raquo_space; Benefits & Barriers | Cues to Action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Health Belief Model: Detailed Overview

A

How susceptible do I believe I am to it, and how severe do I perceive the possibility = perceived threat.
This helps motivate toward health behavior; which is influenced by both 1) benefits & barriers as well as 2) cues to action

Benefits and barriers: if I engage in this behavior, what kind of benefits will I receive. What kind of barriers will I face (time, money, accessibility, lacking motivation, lacking skill, etc) … essentially “I know there are some benefits to engaging in this activity, but there are also these things holding me back…weighing pros and cons”

Cues to action: a trigger that spurs the decision making process. Can be both internal (start noticing gain weight, wheezing while running around, fatigued by climbing stairs) or external (advice from significant other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cues to Action: Internal

A
  • how you feel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cues to Action: External

A
  • media messages
  • social persuasion (especally impactful if comes from doctor or perceived medical expert and well as family member if illness may be passed down)
  • point of decision prompts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Points of Decision

A
  • happen throughout the day
  • active vs inactive choice

can include:
- Who you’re with (and whether they are activity inclined or not)
- How you’re feeling (soreness, sluggish, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wheeling Walks: HBM Potential Barriers & Cues to Action

A

Potential barriers: time, weather, equipment, mood

Cues to action for older adults: struggling to play with grandkids, potential diagnosis or troubling symptoms, weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When Exercise is a Threat: Examples

A
  • Older adults: falls
  • Pregant: risk to fetal health
  • heart disease/cardiac rehabilitation: risk of cardiac events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When Exercise is a Threat: Adjustment in Approach

A

Health messaging has to focus on benefits as well as other behaviors to reduce risk

show beenfits of exercising and MINIMIZE perceived risk (barriers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Theory of Planned Behavior

A

Have plan and attitude, influenced by people around you, but now this is influenced by your perceived control as well.

ESSENTIALLY: If I feel like I have more control, it’s going to strengthen my intention to x behavior, and the higher likelihood I’ll engage in that behavior.

What you need to know: adds control. Increase control, increases likelihood.

Ties back to SDT – do you feel like you have autonomy and control, as well as things that are keeping you from that activity (barriers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Theory of Reasoned Action

A

Key determinant of Behavior: INTENTION to exercise

INFLUENCED BY: 1) attitude, and 2) social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Research Issue: Perceived Control v Self-Efficacy

A

Task Self-Efficacy: confidence in one’s ability to complete a specific task

Self Regulatory Efficacy: confidence in one’s ability to regulate a behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Self-Regulatory Efficacy:
What is required to exercise successfully?

A
  • overcome barriers
  • motivate oneself
  • track progress toward goals
  • modify workouts so that they are challenging while also safe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wheeling Walks: Campaign Design

A

Attitude:
Social Norms:
Perceived Control or Self-Efficacy:

17
Q

Transtheoretical Model
(Stages of Change)

A
  1. Precontemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
18
Q

Wheeling Walks: Stages of Change Outcomes

A

62% in Wheeling compared to 50% in comparison city = 12% increase

of those reporting to be in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation at baseline.

19
Q

Moving Through Stages: Decisional Balance

A

See Figure

Related to transtheoretical model

decisional balance as we go through stages, related to pros/cons and our self-efficacy

As move through the system, begin to get more well versed with your personality and process, can avoid and sidestep the cons (consequences/barriers) more easily and lower them in the balance

20
Q

To Move Through Stages: Need to Change…

A
  • how they think about exercise
  • how they think about themselves
  • aspects of the environment that influence exercise behavior
21
Q

To Move through Stages: 2 Types Processes

A
  1. Experiential (earlier stages)
  2. Behavioral (later stages)
22
Q

Strategies for EARLIER Stages:
Experiential Strategies

A
  1. consciousness raising
  2. environmental re-evaluation
  3. social liberation
23
Q

Consiousness Raising

A

seek new information
- example: eduate people on benefits of exercise

24
Q

Environmental Re-evaluation

A

consider how inactivity afects physical and social environments
- example: promote awareness of costs of inactivity to the healthcare system

25
Social Liberation
increasing awareness of factors that support exercise - example: promote awareness of resources in community
26
Strategies for LATER Stages: Behavioral Strategies
1. Stimulus Control 2. Reinforcement Management 3. Helping relationships and social support
27
Stimulus Control
stay away from cues that prevent exercise - example: if someone has a social physique anxiety, don't try to get them to come with you to a group class said another way: trying to remove negative barriers or cues that might impede exercise behavior, and enhance positive cues to action
28
Reinforcement Management
rewards - example: plan rewards along with goals, keep them continuous said another way: if we reap positive rewards following activity, more likely to repeat that behavior