1. EXERCISE TRENDS & HISTORY Flashcards
Exercise
(definition)
planned, structured, repetitive, and intentional movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness and/or health
Physical Activity
(definition)
movement carried out by the skeletal muscles that require energy
Sport
(definition)
institutional, competitive activities that involve rigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by participants motivated by enjoyment and external rewards
Fitness
(definitions)
- outcome of exercise
- ability of the human organism to function efficiently and effectively
Health Related Fitness
(definition)
- aerobic capacity
- muscular strength
- muscular endurance
- flexibility
- body composition*
Sport Performance Fitness
(definition)
- power
- speed
- agility
- reaction time
- balance
- coordination
Exercise Psychology aims to examine:
- psychological factors that impact physical activity/exercise
– directly (antecedents) or as mediators
– application of psych principles in the promotion dn maintenance fo leisure-time phys activity - psychological outcomes/consequences of physical activity
– mostly focused on mental health and cognitive function
– aim to faciltiate positive outcomes and reduce neg outcomes
Exercise Psych aims to gain an understanding of:
– individuals attributes, moods, cognitions and behaviors in the context of exercise
– social, physical, environmental factors that influences those attitudes, moods, cognitions, and behaviors
Current Trends
- refocusing exercise psych away from obesity prevention
- examining sedentary behavior as separate from physical activity behavior
- self-compassion and mental health
- improvements in cognitive function
- social justice and inequiteis of health outcomes
History of Exercise as a Behavior
- concept has changed dramatically
- important because choices are influenced by:
> what we think exercise is
> who we think its for
> reasons why we think people exercise
> what we think exercise will provide for us
1950’s
- exercise promoted as a way to keep men and boys fit for a strong military
- also marketed to families/housewives at home
Jack LaLanne
- godfather of fitness
- opened gym in 1936
> invented types of weight machines
> hosted show
1960’s
- youth fitness testing has focused on measuring health-related fitness for several decades
1970’s
- Dr. Ken Cooper Aerobics
- first tim ethe concept of exercise for health was generalized to teh public
- kicked off aerobics adn running booms
- exercise also promoted as a means to change physical appearance
1980’s
- Pumping Iron
- ## Jane Fonda
Pumping Iron
- showcased the bodybuilding competitions
Jane Fonda’s Workout
- top selling VHS tape
- kickstarted home workout video franchise
Fitness Industry Equipment
- celebrity endorsement
- particularly marketed to women
- use of medical expert
Let’s Get Physical
- top single
- popular media, but has themes about what people perceive about exercise and fitness spaces
- fatphobia, sexually explicit
1990’s - 2000s
- exponential growth in fitness clubs and in-home exercise equipment
- rise in fitness magazines
- but does behavior increase?
2000+
Biggest Loser
- personal trainers beocming celebrities
- creates narrative of vilifying obesity
2010s
Fitspiration
- rise of social media came with social media influencer
- ability to reach more people but totally unregulated
- also rise in virtual, digital fitness environments
- tech: fitness trackers, socially connected devices (peloton, etc)
