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OS > 4. Lymphatic System > Flashcards

4. Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

3 anatomic components of lymphatic system

A
  • lymph fluid
  • lymphatic vessels
  • oganized lymphatic tissues/organs
    • spleen, liver, thymus, tonsils, appendix, visceral lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes
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2
Q

physiologic function of lymphatic system

A

immune

digestive

fluid balance

waste

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3
Q

When does lymphatic development begin?

A

5th week of gestation

(significant presence by 20 weeks)

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4
Q

What aspects of lymphatic system come from mesoderm?

A

lymphatic vessels

lymph nodes

spleen

myeloid tissue

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5
Q

What aspects of lymphatic system come from endoderm?

A

thymus and parts of tonsils

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6
Q

When do lymphoid tissues start to regress?

A

15-16 y/o

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7
Q

How many L of fluid move from capillaries to interstitial space each day?

A

30 L of fluid

(90% to capillaries, 10% to lymphatic system)

(1/2 diffused plasma proteins re-enter system via lymph)

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8
Q

When fluid overload occurs, lymphatic systems helpes prevent damage by clearing the excess.

A

“second/third spacing”

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9
Q

purification and cleansing via lymph fluid

A

bathes organs

cleanses extracellular spaces of particulate matter, toxins, bacteria, cell waste products, and post-injury biochemical by-products

fluid travels from vessel to node

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10
Q

defense via lymph fluid

A

brings toxins, bacteria, and viruses into contact w/ organized lymph tissue

contain high concentration of immune cells and APCs

maturation of immune cells = immunity

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11
Q

What is the role of OMT in treating lymphatics?

A

free flow of lymph necessary for appropriate immune function

OMT used to establish better free flow of lymph

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12
Q

fat absorption occurs via ___

A

chylomicrons (packaged form of fats)

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13
Q

How do chylomicrons get to the venous system?

A

travel via lacteals > larger lymph vessels > thoracic duct > venous system

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14
Q

substances that leak out of arterial capillries into interstitium

eventually taken up by lymphatic capillaries

A

lymph fluid

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15
Q

components of lymph fluid

A

fluids, proteins, electrolytes, and cells

immune cells

foreign Ag

bacteria and viruses

clotting factors

chylomicrons (post-prandial)

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16
Q

Which tissues do not have lymphatic vessels?

A

epidermis

endomysium of muscle

cartilage

bone marrow

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17
Q

Trace the route of lymph through lymphatic vessels.

A

terminal lymphatics > collecting vessels > afferent lymph vessels > lymph node(s) > efferent lymph vessels > lymphatic trunks > thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct > venous system

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18
Q

Where does lymph formation begin?

A

interstitial spsace of tissues with initial lymphatics/terminal lympatics/lymph capillaries

anchored by leaky endothelium (anchored to ECM by smll filaments)

terminal lymphatics coalesce into collecting vessels

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19
Q

Describe the leaky endothelium of terminal lymphatics.

A

anchored to ECM by small filaments

endothelial cells overlap creating 1-way valves

lack smooth muscle walls

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20
Q

Collecting vessels consist of ____.

A

lymphangions

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21
Q

possess 2-leaflet bicuspid valves, called “lymphatic hearts”, which contract regularly throughout lymphatic system and moving lymph in peristaltic waves

A

lymphangions

22
Q

contain lymphangion

contain smooth muscle

extensive autonomic innervation

A

collecting vessels

23
Q

collecting vessels prior to lymph node

A

afferent or prenodal vessels

24
Q

collecting vessels draining lymph node

A

efferent or postnodal vessels

25
Q

most highly organized lymphoid tissue

disperesed along course of lymph vessels

can be superficial or deep

A

lymphoid organs

26
Q

functions of lymph nodes

A

filtration of lymp fluid

maturation of lymphochytes

phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris

27
Q

path of lymph flow through a lymph node

A

afferent lymphatics > subscapular space > outer cortex > deep cortex > medullary sinus > efferent lymphatics

28
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels drain into?

A

lymphatic trunk

29
Q

drain lymph from lower limbs and pelvic organs

A

lumbar

30
Q

drains abdominal viscera

A

intestinal

31
Q

drains portions of thorax

A

bronchomediastinal

32
Q

drains upper limbs

A

subclavian

33
Q

drains portions of neck and head

A

jugular

34
Q

located at level of L1-2

drains lymphatic trunks of lower body

gives rise to thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli

35
Q

origin of thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli (dilation at L1-L2)

36
Q

termination of thoracic duct

A

pierces Sibson’s fascia at superior inlet

U-turns to empty into L subclavian and L internal jugular veins

37
Q

function of thoracic duct

A

master lymph vessel and drains:

  • L head/neck
  • LE
  • L thorax/abdomen
  • everything inferior to umbilicus
  • receives from lumbar lymphatics
38
Q

origin of right lymphatic duct

A

from junction of right angular and subclavian trunks (and occasionally bronchomediastinal trunk)

39
Q

termination of right lymphatic duct

A

empties at right subclavian and right internal jugular venous junction

40
Q

function of right lymphatic duct

A

drains:

  • right head/neck
  • RUE
  • right thorax
  • heart
  • lungs (except LUL)
41
Q

short course that originates at junction of R jugular and subclavian trunks (and occasionally the bronchomediastinal trunk) and ends where it empties at the junction of the right IJ and right subclavian vein

A

right lymphatic duct

42
Q

acute signs of infectious lymph nodes

A

swollen, soft, painful

43
Q

chronic signs of lymph node malignancy

A

swollen, indurated (hard), non-painful, fixed

44
Q

left-supra clavicular node

A

Virchow’s Node

45
Q

secondary syphilis node

A

epitrochlear node

46
Q

spleen

A
47
Q

liver

A
48
Q

thymus

A
49
Q

tonsils

A
50
Q

appendix

A
51
Q

visceral lymphoid tissue (GALT)

A

OS (9 decks)

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