2. Osteopathic Reflexes Flashcards
What is a D.O.?
Name the osteopathic reflexes.
- viscerosomatic
- somatovisceral
- viscerovisceral
- somatosomatic
relationship between an input stimulus to the body and an output action to either a muscle or a secretory organ
reflex
Describe myotaic reflex.
Dorsal horn neurons can respond to what type of stimuli?
visceral & somatic stimuli
“…Characteristics of reflex function as modulated by messages from other areas of the (1) _____ and by activity of the (2) ____ and (3) ____ systems.”
- nervous system
- endocrine system
- immune system
processing area of spinal cord
gray matter
upper layers 1-6 of spinal cord gray matter
components of lower layers
- interneurons
- motoneuron cell bodies
afferent fibers: visceral and somatic
afferent fibers: visceral and somatic
visceral afferents
activate sympatehtic outflows and skeletal muscle motor neurons
afferent fibers: visceral and somatic
reverse activation
somatic inputs later sympathetic and paraysympathetic outlfows
descending influences on reflexes
- visceral disturbances cause activation in the somatic musculature
- somati disturbances can alter visceral function
This is the basis for decompensation of homeostasis (basis for loss of health).
somatic component of disease
basis of the facilitated segment concept
sensitization
habituation
nociception theory: what 2 processes exist together to help maintain a homeostasis between over-reaction and under-reaction to a sitmulus?
facilitation
activation of nociceptive pathways
nociception theory
short term excitability - sensitization
- 1-2 seconds of afferent input
- excitability last for 90-120 seconds
long term excitability - sensitization
- inputs of several minutes
- excitability lasts for hours
fixation
- 15-40 minutes of afferent input
- excitability lasts for days or weeks
permanent excitability
- lasts forever (?) - a long time
- death of inhibitory interneurons
steps for increasing sensitivity of neurons
facilitated segment concept
allostasis
long-term neural effect of segmental facilitation
allostasis
allostasis
multiple effects on body systems affecting homeostasis
somatosomatic osteopathic reflex
localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
somatovisceral osteopathic reflex
localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
viscerosomatic osteopathic reflex
localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
viscerovisceral osteopathic reflex
localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
withdrawal response
a somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when a noxious stimulus is applied to a somatic structure (complex withdrawal due to pain …)
myotatic response
somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when stretch receptor is stimulated and stretched musle receives impulse to fire, while its antagonist receives an inhibitory message
example of viscerovisceral reflex
distention of gut (results in increased contraction of the gut muscle)
examples of somatovisceral reflexes
- somatiocardiac reflex
- somatogastric reflex
- somatoadrenal reflex
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____ and (2) ____. This is an example of (3) ______.
- elevation of HR
- elevation of BP
- somatocardiac reflex
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____. This is an example of (2) ______.
- inhibition of peristalsis in the stomach
- somatogastric reflex
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____. This is an example of (2) ______.
- release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla
- somatoadrenal reflex
somatic pain referral due to visceral nociceptive stimuli
viscerosomatic reflexes
All visceral nerves contain ___ fibers.
sensory
Vagus nerve is __% sensory.
80-90%
Cell bodies are located in the ___ or _____.
DRG or vagal ganglia
sympathetic head and neck (upper esophagus)
T1-T5
sympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)
T5-T10
sympathetic small intestine/ascending colon
T9-T11
sympathetic ascending and transverse colon
T10-L2
sympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum
T12-L2
parasympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)
Vagus n. (OA, AA)
parasympathetic small intestine/ascending colon
vagus n. (OA, AA)
parasympathetic ascending and transverse colon
vagus n. (OA, AA)
parasympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum
S2-S4 (sacrum)
sympathetic upper/lower extremities
T2-T7 // T1-L2 (no parasympathetic)
sympathetic heart
T1-T6
parasympathetic heart
vagus n. (OA, AA)
sympathetic adrenals
T5-T10
parasympathetic adrenals
vagus n. (OA, AA)
sympathetic lungs
T1-T7
parasympathetic lungs
vagus n. (OA, AA)
sympathetic genitourinary tract
T10-L2
parasympathetic reproductive organs/pelvis
S2-S4 (sacrum)
sympathetic upper ureter
T10-T11
sympathetic lower ureter
T12-L2
parasympathetic upper ureter
vagus n. (OA, AA)
parasympathetic bladder
S2-S4 (sacrum)
parasympathetic bladder
S2-S4 (sacrum)
parasympathetic lower ureter
S2-S4 (sacrum)
parasympathetic reproductive organs
S2-S4 (sacrum)
Chapman’s reflexes
Frank Chapman’s history
What are Chapman’s reflexes?
3 component characteristics of Chapman’s reflexes
palpatory features of Chapman’s reflexes
Diagnosis and testing of Chapman’s Reflexes
Describe pain (involved in Chapman’s reflex).
Chapman’s point treatment
Indications for Chapman’s Reflex
Contraindications of Chapman’s reflexes
Documenting Chapman’s reflexes
Post-treatment precautions side effects
Chapman’s Reflex Studies (Pulmonary)
Chapman’s Reflex Studies (GI)
Osteopathic Philosophical Application of this Lecture
