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OS > 2. Osteopathic Reflexes > Flashcards

2. Osteopathic Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a D.O.?

A
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2
Q

Name the osteopathic reflexes.

A
  • viscerosomatic
  • somatovisceral
  • viscerovisceral
  • somatosomatic
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3
Q

relationship between an input stimulus to the body and an output action to either a muscle or a secretory organ

A

reflex

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4
Q

Describe myotaic reflex.

A
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5
Q

Dorsal horn neurons can respond to what type of stimuli?

A

visceral & somatic stimuli

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6
Q

“…Characteristics of reflex function as modulated by messages from other areas of the (1) _____ and by activity of the (2) ____ and (3) ____ systems.”

A
  1. nervous system
  2. endocrine system
  3. immune system
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7
Q

processing area of spinal cord

A

gray matter

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8
Q

upper layers 1-6 of spinal cord gray matter

A
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9
Q

components of lower layers

A
  • interneurons
  • motoneuron cell bodies
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10
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

A
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11
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

visceral afferents

A

activate sympatehtic outflows and skeletal muscle motor neurons

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12
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

reverse activation

A

somatic inputs later sympathetic and paraysympathetic outlfows

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13
Q

descending influences on reflexes

A
  • visceral disturbances cause activation in the somatic musculature
  • somati disturbances can alter visceral function

This is the basis for decompensation of homeostasis (basis for loss of health).

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14
Q

somatic component of disease

A
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15
Q

basis of the facilitated segment concept

A
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16
Q

sensitization

A
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17
Q

habituation

A
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18
Q

nociception theory: what 2 processes exist together to help maintain a homeostasis between over-reaction and under-reaction to a sitmulus?

A
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19
Q

facilitation

A
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20
Q

activation of nociceptive pathways

A
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21
Q

nociception theory

A
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22
Q

short term excitability - sensitization

A
  • 1-2 seconds of afferent input
  • excitability last for 90-120 seconds
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23
Q

long term excitability - sensitization

A
  • inputs of several minutes
  • excitability lasts for hours
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24
Q

fixation

A
  • 15-40 minutes of afferent input
  • excitability lasts for days or weeks
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25
Q

permanent excitability

A
  • lasts forever (?) - a long time
  • death of inhibitory interneurons
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26
Q

steps for increasing sensitivity of neurons

A
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27
Q

facilitated segment concept

A
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28
Q

allostasis

A

long-term neural effect of segmental facilitation

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29
Q

allostasis

A
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30
Q

allostasis

A
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31
Q

multiple effects on body systems affecting homeostasis

A
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32
Q

somatosomatic osteopathic reflex

A

localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures

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33
Q

somatovisceral osteopathic reflex

A

localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures

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34
Q

viscerosomatic osteopathic reflex

A

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures

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35
Q

viscerovisceral osteopathic reflex

A

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures

36
Q

withdrawal response

A

a somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when a noxious stimulus is applied to a somatic structure (complex withdrawal due to pain …)

37
Q

myotatic response

A

somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when stretch receptor is stimulated and stretched musle receives impulse to fire, while its antagonist receives an inhibitory message

38
Q

example of viscerovisceral reflex

A

distention of gut (results in increased contraction of the gut muscle)

39
Q

examples of somatovisceral reflexes

A
  • somatiocardiac reflex
  • somatogastric reflex
  • somatoadrenal reflex
40
Q

Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____ and (2) ____. This is an example of (3) ______.

A
  1. elevation of HR
  2. elevation of BP
  3. somatocardiac reflex
41
Q

Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____. This is an example of (2) ______.

A
  1. inhibition of peristalsis in the stomach
  2. somatogastric reflex
42
Q

Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____. This is an example of (2) ______.

A
  1. release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla
  2. somatoadrenal reflex
43
Q

somatic pain referral due to visceral nociceptive stimuli

A

viscerosomatic reflexes

44
Q

All visceral nerves contain ___ fibers.

A

sensory

45
Q

Vagus nerve is __% sensory.

A

80-90%

46
Q

Cell bodies are located in the ___ or _____.

A

DRG or vagal ganglia

47
Q

sympathetic head and neck (upper esophagus)

A

T1-T5

48
Q

sympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)

A

T5-T10

49
Q

sympathetic small intestine/ascending colon

A

T9-T11

50
Q

sympathetic ascending and transverse colon

A

T10-L2

51
Q

sympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum

A

T12-L2

52
Q

parasympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)

A

Vagus n. (OA, AA)

53
Q

parasympathetic small intestine/ascending colon

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

54
Q

parasympathetic ascending and transverse colon

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

55
Q

parasympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

56
Q

sympathetic upper/lower extremities

A

T2-T7 // T1-L2 (no parasympathetic)

57
Q

sympathetic heart

A

T1-T6

58
Q

parasympathetic heart

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

59
Q

sympathetic adrenals

A

T5-T10

60
Q

parasympathetic adrenals

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

61
Q

sympathetic lungs

A

T1-T7

62
Q

parasympathetic lungs

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

63
Q

sympathetic genitourinary tract

A

T10-L2

64
Q

parasympathetic reproductive organs/pelvis

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

65
Q

sympathetic upper ureter

A

T10-T11

66
Q

sympathetic lower ureter

A

T12-L2

67
Q

parasympathetic upper ureter

A

vagus n. (OA, AA)

68
Q

parasympathetic bladder

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

69
Q

parasympathetic bladder

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

70
Q

parasympathetic lower ureter

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

71
Q

parasympathetic reproductive organs

A

S2-S4 (sacrum)

72
Q

Chapman’s reflexes

A
73
Q

Frank Chapman’s history

A
74
Q

What are Chapman’s reflexes?

A
75
Q

3 component characteristics of Chapman’s reflexes

A
76
Q

palpatory features of Chapman’s reflexes

A
77
Q

Diagnosis and testing of Chapman’s Reflexes

A
78
Q

Describe pain (involved in Chapman’s reflex).

A
79
Q

Chapman’s point treatment

A
80
Q

Indications for Chapman’s Reflex

A
81
Q

Contraindications of Chapman’s reflexes

A
82
Q

Documenting Chapman’s reflexes

A
83
Q

Post-treatment precautions side effects

A
84
Q

Chapman’s Reflex Studies (Pulmonary)

A
85
Q

Chapman’s Reflex Studies (GI)

A
86
Q

Osteopathic Philosophical Application of this Lecture

A

OS (9 decks)

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