4. Immunology Flashcards
What is an immunological danger?
stimulus that induces cellular damage or distress
Defences
Mucus, cilia, defensins and barrier surfaces
What are pattern recognition receptors?
They sense and identify immunological danger (e.g. specific bacteria, proteins derived from protozoa or foreign DNA)
Where are pattern recognition receptors found?
On cells and in cells
Lymphatic system
How many red blood cells are in the blood?
5-6 x10^6 / ul
How often are red blood cells produced?
around 2 x10^6 / s
What is the lifespan of a red blood cells
around 110 days
What is the role of red blood cells
Transport of O2 and CO2
What is the innate immune response?
Give examples of active phagocytic cells
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
What is a complement?
Once activated by an antibody or molecules from a pathogen… A cascade of proteins in serum which amplify the inflammatory response by attracting immune cells or directly killing pathogens.
What are neutrophils?
Active phagocytic cells that consume and kill pathogens and use NETs after being recruited by inflammation into tissues. They are the most abumndant white blood cell but are short lived.
What are macrophages?
Active phagocytic cells that consume and kill pathogens after being activated by inflammation. They are long lived and develop in tissues from precursors. (already present)
What are dendritic cells?
Active phagocytic cells that migrate out of peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes, carrying proteins to activate adaptive immune responses. They develop in tissues, from precursors.
