4. Human biology Flashcards
what is an example of a negative pressure ventilator?
An Iron Lung
How does an Iron lung work (Negative pressure ventilator)?
It creates a vacuum, sucking air into the lungs
How does a positive pressure ventilator work?
Air is forced into the lungs at high pressure
What is the energy released from respiration used for?
Build larger molecules
Enable muscles to contract
Maintain steady body temperature
Plants build sugars –> nitrates –> Aminos –> Proteins
What is lactic acid the result of?
the incomplete break down of Glucose
Right atrium
Deoxygenated blood received from the Vena Cava
Right ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
Pumps blood to the aortic arch and the rest of the body
What do artificial pacemakers do?
Correct any irregularities in the heart rate
What do artificial hearts do?
Keep patient alive while waiting for a transplant
allows the heart to rest to aid recovery
What happens in the capillaries?
The substances needed by the cells move out the blood and into the cells
Substances produced by cells move out the cells into the blood
What happens to Haemoglobin in the lungs?
It becomes Oxyhemoglobin
What are Platelets?
Small fragments of cells that the help the blood to clot
What is blood clotting?
Blood clotting is a series of enzyme controlled reaction resulting in the change of fibrinogen to fibrin forming a network of fibres, trapping blood cells, forming a clot
What are antigens
Proteins on the surface of cells
Blood type O
Can give to every one but can only receive O
Blood type AB
Can receive all but itself, can only give to B
Blood type A
Can receive from A and O, give to A and AB
Blood type B
Can receive from all but A, gives to AB and B
Amylase
produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestines
starch –> sugar
Protease
produced in stomach, pancreas & small intestine
Protein –> Amino Acids
Lipase
Produced in the pancreas & small intestines
Breaks down lipids –> fatty acids + glycerol
Cerebral cortex
Consciousness, Intelligence, memory & language
