3. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 1

Units of sugar

Question 2

What are simple sugars?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates that only contain 1 (glucose) or 2 (sucrose) units of sugar

Question 3

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Long chains of simples sugars bonded together, i.e. Starch and Cellulose also know as Polysaccharides

Question 4

Features of Polysaccharides?

Answer 4

Large insoluble molecules

Question 5

What is the test for Starch?

Answer 5

Iodine –> black/blue

Question 6

What is the test for Glucose?

Answer 6

Benedicts + heat –> Orange

Question 7

What are Lipids made up of?

Answer 7

A glycerol molecule join with 3 molecules of fatty acids

Question 8

What do Lipids do?

Answer 8

Provide insulation and an energy store

Question 9

What is the test for lipids?

Answer 9

Ethanol water –> Milky white

Question 10

What do Proteins have that the others don’t?

Answer 10

Nitrogen

Question 11

What are the Uses of Proteins?

Answer 11

Hormones, Antibodies, Enzymes & Structural component of tissues

Question 12

What are proteins?

Answer 12

Long chains of Amino acids

Question 13

Enzymes are also referred to as what?

Answer 13

Biological catalysts as they increase the rate of reaction

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

Made of protein, substrate specific, between 5’C-50’C, over 50’C become denatured and activations site shape is changed

Question 15

Digestive enzymes

Answer 15

Produced in specialised cells in the gut lining, pass out the cells into the gut and break down larger food molecules into smaller molecules

Question 16

Enzymes at home: Biological detergents

Answer 16

Lipases and protease, more effective at lower temps, so save money and energy

Question 17

Protease: In industry

Answer 17

Pre digests baby food

Question 18

Carbohydrase: In industry

Answer 18

Used to convert starch to sugar syrup

Question 19

Isomerase

Answer 19

Glucose to fructose which is twice as sweet