Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSC 102 > 4 - Hardware and Software > Flashcards

4 - Hardware and Software Flashcards

Information Technology concepts and vocab

1
Q

32 bit processor 64 bit processor

A

32 bit - can effectively utilize up to 4 GB (Gigabytes) of main memory 64 bit - processor that can use more than 4 GB / can effectively use an almost unlimited amount of Main Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adware

A

Program installed on the computer without users’ knowledge Can observe keystrokes, modify computer activity, and report user activity to sponsoring orgs Most adware does not perform malicious activites and stealing of data, but rather watches your activities and produces pop-up ads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Android

A

A mobile operating system that is a version of Linux. Android runs on Google Nexus 7, Amazon Kindle Fire, and many other devices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Application Software

A

Programs that perform a business function Some application programs are general purpose, such as Excel or Word Other application programs are specific to a business function, such as Accounts Payable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ARM

A

A computer architecture and instruction set that is designed for portable devices, such as smartphones and tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Binary Digits

A

The means by which computers represent data, AKA bits. A binary digit is either 0 or 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bit

A

The means by which computers represent data, AKA binary digits. A bit is either 0 or 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bus

A

Channel which the CPU reads instructions and data from main memory and writes data to main memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bytes

A

(1) 8-bit chunks of data (2) Characters of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cache

A

A small amount of very fast memory in a CPU The CPU keeps frequently used instructions in the Cache. A large cache makes the computer faster, but a cache is expensive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

The portion of a computer that selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Client

A

PCs, tablets, and smartphones that access servers via the Cloud.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Client-server applications

A

Applications that process code on both the client and the server.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Closed source

A

Source code that is highly protected and only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Custom-developed software

A

Tailor-made to a company’s specific requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Data channel

A

Medium by which the CPU reads instructions and data from main memory, and writes data to main memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Desktop Program

A

Client applications, such as Word Excel or Acrobat, that run on a personal computer and do not require a connection to a server.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Desktop Virtualization

A

Also called client virtualization or PC virtualization. Process of storing a users’ desktop on a remote server It enables a user to run their desktop from many different client computers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dual Processor

A

A computer with 2 CPUs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scale of Bytes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Firmware

A
  • Computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print services, and various types of communication devices.
  • Software is coded just like other software, but it is installed into the special, programmable memory of the Printer or other device.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GNU

A

A set of tools for creating and managing Open Source software.

Originally created to develop an open-source, Unix-like operating system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GNU General Public Licence (GPL) Agreement

A

One of the standard license agreements for open source software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hardware

A

Electronic components and related gadgets that input, process, output, store, and communicate data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Horizontal-market Application

A

Software that provides capabilites common across all orgs and industries, for example:

  • word processors
  • graphics programs
  • spreadsheets
  • Presentation Programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Host Operating System

A

In virtualization, the operating system that hosts the virtual operating system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Input Hardware

A

Hardware devices that attach to a computer, for example:

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Document Scanners
  • Bar Code (UPC) Scanners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

iOS

A

The operating system used on the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad

29
Q

License

A

A contract that stipulates how a program can be used.

Most specify the # of computers on which program can be installed, some specify # of users who can connect remotely.

Limited liability on software vendor related to consequences of use

30
Q

Linux

A

A version of Unix that was developed by the open-source community

The open-source community owns Linux, and there is no fee to use it

Linux is a popular operating system for Web servers

31
Q

Mac OS

A

An operating system developed by Apple Computer, Inc. for Macintosh. The current version is Mac OS X.

32
Q

Machine Code

A

Code that has been compiled by source code and is ready to be processed by a computer

Cannot be understood by humans

33
Q

Main Memory

A

Memory that works in conjunction with the CPU

Stores data and instructions read by the CPU, and stores the results of the CPU’s computations.

34
Q

Malware

A

Viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and adware

35
Q

Memory swapping

A

The movement of programs and data into and out of memory.

If a computer has insufficient memory for its workload, such swapping will degrade system performance.

36
Q

Modern-style applications

A

Windows applications that are touchscreen-oriented and provide context sensitive, pop-up menus

37
Q

Microsoft Windows

A

The most popular nonmobile client operating system.

Also refers to Windows Server, a popular server operating system that competes with Linux.

38
Q

Nonvolatile

A

Memory that preserves data even when not powered (e.g. magnetic and optical disks).

With this you can turn computer off and on, and contents will be unchanged.

39
Q

Off-the-shelf software

Off-the-shelf-software with alterations

A
  1. Software used as-is
  2. Software purchased as-is but modified to fit the needs of the organization
40
Q

One-of-a-kind application

A

Software that is developed for a specific, unique need, usually for a single company’s requirements

41
Q

Operating System (OS)

A

A computer program that controls the computer’s resources

  • Manages contents of main memory
  • Processes key strokes & mouse movements
  • sends signals to Display monitor
  • reads and writes disk files
  • Controls processing of other programs
42
Q

Output Hardware

A

Hardware that displays results of computer’s processing.

Consists of:

  • Video Displays
  • Printers
  • Audio Speakers
  • Overhead Projectors
  • Etc.
43
Q

Payload

A

The program codes of a virus that causes unwanted or hurtful actions, such as deleting programs or data, or modifying data in ways that are unselected by the user.

44
Q

PC Virtualization

A

Same as Desktop Virtualization

45
Q

PixelSense

A

The Microsoft product formerly known as Surface.

It allows many users to process the same table-top touch interface.

Primarily used in hotels and entertainment centers

46
Q

Quad Processor

A

A computer with 4 CPUs

47
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory

Another name for computer’s Main Memory.

48
Q

Server Farm

A

A large collection of server computers that is organized to share work and COMPENSATE for one another’s failures.

49
Q

Servers

A

Computers that provide some sort of service, such as:

  • Hosting a database
  • Running a blog
  • Publishing a website
  • Selling Goods

Server computers are faster, larger, and more powerful than client computers

50
Q

Server Virtualization

A

Process of running two or more operating system instances on the same server

The host operating system runs virtual operating system instances as applications

51
Q

Site license

A

A license purchased by an organization to equip all the computers on site with a certain software.

52
Q

Source Code

A

Computer code as written by humans that is understandable by humans.

Source code must be translated into machine code before it can be processed.

53
Q

Spyware

A

Programs installed on user’s computer w/o knowledge or permission that reside in background and:

  • Observe keystrokes
  • modify computer activity
  • report activity to sponsoring orgs

MALICIOUS spyware captures keystrokes of passwords, account #s, and other sensitive info

Other spyware is used for marketing analysis, observing what users do, websites visited, products purchased, etc.

54
Q

Storage Hardware

A

Hardware that saves data and programs.

Magnetic disks is by far the most common storage device, although optical disks, such as CDs and DVDs, also are popular.

55
Q

Surface

A
  • Renamed PixelSense in 2012
  • AFTER 2012, this became the name of Microsoft’s tablet computing device
56
Q

Symbian

A

A mobile client operating system that is popular on phones in Europe and the Far East, but less so USA

57
Q

Thick-client application

A

A software application that requires programs other than just the browser on the users’ computer

  • Requires code on both client AND server computers
  • See also “native application”
58
Q

Thin-client application

A

A software application that requires nothing more than just the browser.

59
Q

Trojan Horses

A

Viruses that masquerade as useful programs or files

A typical Trojan Horse appears to be a computer game, an MP3 file, or some other useful innocent program.

60
Q

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

A

A standard for connecting computers and external devices such as printers, keyboards, mice

A USB Device is a peripheral device that conforms to the USB standard

61
Q

Unix

A

An operating system developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s

It has been the workhorse of the scientific and engineering communities since then

62
Q

Vertical-market Application

A

Software that serves the needs of a specific industry. Ex:

  • Programs used by dental offices to schedule and bill patients
  • Those used by automechanics to keep track of customer data and repairs
  • Parts warehouses use them to track inventory, purchases and sales
63
Q

Virtualization

A

The process whereby multiple operating systems run as clients on a single host operating system.

Gives the appearance of many computers running on a single computer.

64
Q

Virtual Machines (VM)

A

Computer programs that present the appearance of an independent operating system within a second host operating system.

The host can support multiple virtual machines, possibly running different operating system programs (Windows, linux) each of which is assigned assets such as disk space, devices, and network connections over which it has control.

65
Q

Virus

A

A computer program that replicates itself

66
Q

Volatile

A

Data that will be lost when the computer or device is not powered

67
Q

Windows RT

A

A version of Windows 8 that is specifically designed to provide a touch-based interface for devices that use ARM architecture, including

  • Phones
  • Tablets
  • Some computers
68
Q

Windows Server

A

A version of Windows that has been specifically designed and configured for server use

It has much more stringent and restrictive security procedures than other versions of Windows

Popular on servers in organizations that have strong commitment to Microsoft

69
Q

Worm

A

Virus that propagates itself using the Internet or some other computer network

Worm code is written specifically to infect another computer as quickly as possible

CSC 102 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions