[4] Glucocorticoids & (Mineralocorticoids)

Question 1

What is produced in the Medulla?

Answer 1

Catecholamines

Question 2

What is produced in the cortex?

Examples of this?

Answer 2

Corticosteroids

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens

Question 3

3 Zones of the Adrenal Glands

Answer 3

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

Question 4

What is the main precursor for synthesis of corticosteroids?

Answer 4

Cholesterol

Question 5

What is a steroid strictly speaking?

Answer 5

Products derived from cholesterol

Question 6

Main mineralocorticoid produced by the Adrenal Cortex

Answer 6

Aldosterone

Question 7

[T/F] Receptors for Mineralocorticoids have the same affinity for Glucocorticoids as Mineralocorticoids

Answer 7

T

Question 8

What is the primary control of Mineralocorticoids?

What is the secondary one?

Answer 8

Primary: RAAS
Secondary: ACTH

Question 9

Possible Effects of Mineralocorticoid Overexpression

Answer 9

Hypertension
Edema
Hypokalemia

Question 10

Fludrocortisone is what at a low concentration?

What is it at high concentration?

Answer 10

L: Mineralocorticoid
H: Glucocorticoid

Question 11

Main Endogenous GC

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

Average Secretion of Cortisol

Answer 12

20mg/day

Question 13

What time is the highest plasma concentration of Cortisol?

Answer 13

Morning

Question 14

Plasma Half Life of Cortisol

Answer 14

80 Minutes

Question 15

What is the % of bound cortisol?

What is it bound to?

Answer 15

90%

Transcortin or Album

Question 16

[T/F] Bound cortisol is biologically inactive

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Effect of Estrogen on Bound Cortisol

Answer 17

Increase concentration of transcortin resulting in rise of total amount of cortisol

Level of Free Cortisol is UNCHANGED

Question 18

Effect of Progestogen on Bound Cortisol

Answer 18

Greater affinity for transcortin and will increase in level of free cortisol

Question 19

[Glucocorticoid Effect On]

CHO

Answer 19

Decreased uptake and utilization with increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 20

[Glucocorticoid Effect On]

Protein

Answer 20

Increased protein catabolism and decreased synthesis

Muscle Weakness

Question 21

[Glucocorticoid Effect On]

Lipolytic Hormones

Answer 21

Permissive effect and redistribution of fat

Cushings Syndrome

Question 22

[Glucocorticoid Effect On]

Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity

Answer 22

Decreased osteoblast formation and activity

Increased osteoclast activity

(Osteoporosis)

Question 23

[Glucocorticoid Effect On]

Conversion of Vitamin D2 to D

Answer 23

Decreased conversion

Question 24

Treatment for Adrenal Insufficiency

Answer 24

Replacement Therapy

Question 25

Relation of Glucose Metabolism and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Answer 25

Parallel

Question 26

Relative Anti-Inflammatory Potency of:

Cortisone

Answer 26

0.8

Question 27

Relative Anti-Inflammatory Potency of:

Hydrocortisone

Answer 27

1

Question 28

For a patient in shock, would you rather give a drug with a large biologic half life or shorter?

Answer 28

Shorter half life, like Hydrocortisone, because it would be fast acting

Permissive effect of catecholamines would increase aldosterone in the system

Question 29

Strongest Glucocorticoids, Betamethasone and Dexamethasone, are fluorinated and as such they have high inflammatory potential but none of the water retention effects

Answer 29

This is a note card!

Question 30

Anything above how much prednisone would cause adverse effects?

Answer 30

5mg

Question 31

[T/F] Anabolic steroids are glucocorticoids

Answer 31

F