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[THER 201] 2nd Lecture Exam > [2] Developmental Pharmacology > Flashcards

[2] Developmental Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the most disastrous therapeutric misadventures in pediatrics?

A

Thalidomide 1957
Chloramphenicol 1959
Diethylstilbestrol 1971

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2
Q

What is the Harris Drug Amendment of 1962?

A

Required demonstrated efficacy and safety for FDA Approval and USA marketing

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3
Q

Are children small adults?

A

No, unless they’re midgets.

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4
Q

Weight doubles by?

A

5 months

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5
Q

Weight triples by?

A

1 year

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6
Q

Body surface area doubles by?

A

1 year

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7
Q

Caloric expenditure increases 3-4 fold by?

A

1 year

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8
Q

Define: Adolescence

A

Transition to adulthood

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9
Q

Dosing depends on?

A

Size of the child
Pharmacokinetics: ADME
Need for special formulations

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10
Q

[T/F] FOR DJ VILLEZA

For the MOST FRAGILE of patients you are allowed to have EXTREMELY LARGE MARGINS OF ERROR.

A

Gee I don’t know DJ what do you think

For other people please email DJ at jesusvilleza.jr@gmail.com for the answer

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11
Q

2 Main Factors of Drug Absorption

A

Characteristic of the Drug/Active Ingredient

Host Factors

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12
Q

When do humans start developing CYP1A1?

A

3 months of age

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13
Q

When do humans start developing Intestinal Glutathione Conjugation?

A

1-3 years of age

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14
Q

At birth what is the gastric pH?

A

Alkaline (pH 6-8)

Falls to pH 1-3 after 24 hours

Rises again during the next 9-12 days

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15
Q

Compare gastric emptying time of neonates and adults

A

Infants: 6-8 Hours
Adults: 2 Hours

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16
Q

Why is Paracetamol not given to neonates?

A

They are poorly absorbed because weakly acidic, non-ionized drugs are better absorbed by infants

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17
Q

Compare blood flow in intestinal smooth muscles of neonates as compared to infants and children and adults

A

Neonates < Infants and Children > Adults

18
Q

Compare Percutaneous Absorption in neonates, children, and adults

A

Neonates > Children > Adults

19
Q

Histamine is not present in neonates until?

Why is this important?

A

3rd week of life

No need to perform allergy skin tests because results will not yield any useful information

(Very important, make sure to memorize)

20
Q

What is the earliest age that inhalational devices can be effective for children?

A

6 months

21
Q

Compare Total Body Water of infants as compared to Adults?

A

Infants: 80% > Adults: 55-60%

22
Q

Which has a higher TBW content? Preterm or Full Term Infants?

A

Preterm Infants

23
Q

Presence of Fetal Albumin in Newborns, Infants, and Children

A

N: Present
I: Absent
C: Absent

24
Q

Acidic drugs bind to?

A

Albumin

25
Q

Basic drugs bind to?

A

Alpha-Glycoprotein

26
Q

Neonatal proteins have increased binding capacity with?

A

Bilirubin

27
Q

Define: Kernicterus

A

Highly protein bound drugs can displace bilirubin from albumin binding sites

28
Q

Most abundant hepatic P450 Enzyme

A

CYP3A4

29
Q

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Present in the Fetus

A

CYP3A7*
CYP1A1
CYP3A5

*Most abundant

30
Q

How long does it take for neonates to reach adult levels of GFR?

A

1 year of age

31
Q

GFR of neonates is what % of adult value?

A

30-40%

32
Q

How does Edema affect drug absorption?

A

Low albumin levels would affect protein binding drugs

33
Q

Reaction of Children to Tetracycline

A

Discolored Teeth

34
Q

Reaction of Children to Phenobarbital

A

Hyperactivity

Impaired Intelligence

35
Q

Reaction of Children to Chloramphenicol

A

Gray Baby Syndrome

36
Q

Reaction of Children to Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Thickened Skull

Coarse Features

37
Q

Reaction of Children to Valproic Acid (Depakene)

A

Hepatotoxicity

38
Q

Reaction of Children to Aspirin

A

Reye’s Syndrome in patients with Chickenpox or Infleunza

39
Q

What drug causes rapid closure of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Indomethacin

40
Q

What drug causes the ductus to remain open?

A

Prostaglandin E1

[THER 201] 2nd Lecture Exam (5 decks)

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