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Exercise Physiology > 4: energy systems > Flashcards

4: energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is every?

A

the ability to do work

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2
Q

What are the three energy systems?

A
  1. Immediate; ATP-PC; Alactic
  2. Short term; NON-oxidative; lactic
  3. Long term; Oxidative; Aerobic
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3
Q

What are the three ways to produce ATP?

A

1) formation of ATP by Phosphocreatine (PC) breakdown
2) formation of ATP by degradation of glucose/glycogen
3) Oxidative Phosphorylation

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4
Q

What is the high energy phosphate system?

A

high energy phosphate system

immediate

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5
Q

What is ATP - PC (alactic system)

A

used for rapid, short term muscle movement

1) stored ATP
- varies with fibre type and training; depletion; measurement
2) the ATP derived from PC + ADP

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6
Q

Creatine Phosphate

A

1) high energy phosphate store
2) buffer of ATP/ADP ratio
3) a high energy transporter

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7
Q

Phosphocreatine: Energy reservoir

A

anaerobic resynthesis of ATP
hydrolyzed by the enzyme, creatine kinase
ADP is phosphorylated to ATP
Creatine may be phosphorylated back to PCr
cells store ~ 4 - 6 times more PCr than ATP

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8
Q

Creatine

A

increases muscle PC stores
important component of high energy phosphates
documented benefits in humans:
- improve muscular strength and power; augments short bursts of muscular endurance; enables greater muscular overload

limited research on potential risks
creatine loading

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9
Q

What type of fibres are affected by creatine?

A

both type I and II fibres but >type II (high intensity)
high dosages not necessary at start
can maintain on 3 g/day
increase performance for exercise 30 sec or less

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10
Q

What is the primary energy source for high energy phosphate system?

A

Stored ATP, CP

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11
Q

high energy phosphate system:

What is the duration of activity?

A

7-12sec

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12
Q

high energy phosphate system:

What are the sporting events?

A

quick bursts sports

weight lifting, high jump, long jump, 100m run, 25m swim

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13
Q

high energy phosphate system:

What are the advantages?

A

produce very large amount of energy in a short amount of time

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14
Q

high energy phosphate system:

What is the disadvantages?

A

initial concentration of high energy phosphates (ATP, PC)

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15
Q

Anaerobic Glycolytic System

A

starts when:
- the reserves of high energy phosphate compounds fall to a low level
the rate of glycolysis is high and there is build-up of pyruvic acid

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16
Q

Glycolysis

A 
a biochemical process that release energy in the form of ATP from glycogen and glucose
anaerobic process (in the absence of oxygen)
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17
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

2 molecules of ATP

2 molecules of pyruvic acid (fate 1)

18
Q

What are the by-product of glycolysis

A

2 molecules of lactic acid (fate 2)

19
Q

how many ATP is produce from NADH?

A

3 ATP molcules

20
Q

how many ATP is produce from FADH?

A

2 ATP molecules

21
Q

Fate 2a

A

pyruvate can be reduced to lactate; process consumes NADH; NAD+ is generated
this generates ATP more rapidly but less ATP is generated and lactate and H+ are also generated

when oxygen availability is low but high ATP demand is needed

22
Q

Fate 2b:

A

aerobic pyruvate enters the mito and reacts with CoA to form AcetylCoA (and CO2) which enters the Krebs/ETC –> slow glycolysis or aerobic glycolysis)

23
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic system:

what is the primary energy source?

A

stored glycogen, blood glucose

24
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic system:

What is the duration of activity?

A

12s - 3min

25
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic system:

what are the type of sporting events

A

800m run, 200m swim, downhill ski racing, 1500 speed skating

26
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic system:

What are the advantages of this?

A

ability to produce energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen

27
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic system:

what are the limiting factors?

A

lactic acid build up, H+ ions build up (decrease of pH)

28
Q

The aerobic oxidative system

A

the most important E system in the human body
primary source of energy (70-95%) for exercise lasting longer than 10 mins
primary source of energy: performed at an intensity lower than that of anaerobic oxidative system

29
Q

What are the two paths of oxidatiev phospohrylation system?

A

krebs cycle and ETC

30
Q

how much energy is yielded from 1 molecule of glucose?

A

36/38 ATP molecules

31
Q

how much energy is yielded from 1 molecule of fat?

A

169 atp molecules

32
Q

What ar ethe byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

co2, water

33
Q

how many by - products are made in krebs

A

1 ATP, 3 nadh, 1 fadh2, 1 co2

34
Q

Aerobic Oxidative System:

what are primary energy sources?

A

glycogen, glucose, fats, proteins

35
Q

Aerobic Oxidative System:

what is the duration period?

A

> 3mins

36
Q

Aerobic Oxidative System:

what type of sporting events?

A

walking, jogging, swimming, walking up stairs

37
Q

Aerobic Oxidative System:

what are the advantages:

A

large output of energy over a logn period of time, removal of lactic acid

38
Q

Aerobic Oxidative System:

what are the limiting factors?

A

Lung function, max bf, oxygen availability, excess energy demands

39
Q

What are slow twitch fibres?

A 
type I; slow oxidative; very red!; muscular
always working 
high resistance to fatigue 
used for long durations 
low energy
40
Q

What are fast twitch fibres?

A 
type IIa = fast oxidative glycolytic 
type IIx/b = fast glycolytic 
only is active for heavy or higher events
very white
short duration sports
fast contraction rates 
high energy
41
Q

What is EPOC?

A

the afterburn

a measurable increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity intended to erase the body’s “oxygen deficit”

Exercise Physiology (9 decks)

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