4:Empire, Industry and Capitalism Flashcards
what was Europes position in the world before 1492?
- it was on the periphery after the fall of the roman empire
-it was behind economically, militarily,scientifically and artistically
-powers of the time were asian and Middle Eastern
who were the imperial powers in the world before 1492?
Chinese dynasties
Arab caliphs
Indian Mughals
Persian Safavids
Ottoman Turks
The Umayyad dynasty
661-750
oversaw a wave of muslim expansion
The Abbasids
750-1258
presided over islamic golden age
advances in philosophy, science and mathematics
when was the Ottoman Empire first established?
late 13th century
Osman Ghazi established the dynastic house of the Ottomans in north-western Anatolia
when and how did the Ottomans secure control of the balkans?
1389
victory in the battle of Kosovo
what was the Ottoman capital/ when was it established?
1453
the conquest of Constantinople, renamed Istanbul
how far did the Ottoman Empire stretch by the 16th century?
from Mesopotamia in the Middle East, across North Africa, and into south-eastern Europe
name 4 significant inventions from imperial china
printing press
paper
gunpowder
the compass
Ming Dynasty
1348-1644
empires could call on an army of 1 million troops
How significant/influential was imperial china?
-the Chinese navy dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world
-15th century Chinese voyages of discovery in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago
-Nanjing and Peking were larger than any European cities
When and why did the European ‘age of discovery’ begin?
15th century
mastery of sailing ships
allowed Europeans to become traders,explorers,colonisers, and build empires
who led the European age of discovery?
Spain and portugal
significant European discovery in the 16th-17th century
colonisation of the Americas
How did the European age of discovery change in the 17th century?
protestant, north-western European nations emerged as maritime powers
The dutch and the English now rivalled Spain and France
when were the industrial revolutions?
1600-1800
what was the significance of the industrial of revolution?
- fundementally changed household and consumer behaviour, and production
-changes to lifestyle
-underpinned most of the new European wealth
what, other than the Industrial Revolution, contributed to new European wealth?
the slave trade
what was the slave trade?
-a triangular trading system
-europeans exported goods to Africa
-enslaved africans were shipped across the Atlantic & sold for sugar, tobacco and cotton
who contributed most to the slave trade?
Britain and Portugal
they accounted for 70% of the slave trade
how many slaves did Britain transport?
estimated 3.1 million between 1640-1807
when did Britain abolish the slave trade?
1807?
what were the financial consequences of abolishing the slave trade?
-the government had to compensate slave owners
-40% of government expenditure, the modern equivalent of £17bn
-costs still being payed in 2015
evidence of the lasting impact of the slave trade
UCL’s Legacies of British slave-ownership projects estimates that between 10-20% of Britains wealthy can be identified as having links to slavery
